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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Quantum amplification, relic gravitons, and Landauer’s conjecture

Massimo Giovannini*

  • Department of Physics, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN, Section of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy

  • *Contact author: massimo.giovannini@cern.ch
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Phys. Rev. D 111, L061301 – Published 5 March, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.L061301

Abstract

According to the microscopic formulation of Landauer’s principle, when information is deleted, the von Neumann entropy of the system gets reduced with a corresponding energy cost. Although within the same perspective the growth of the entropy should remain unconstrained, we show that during quantum amplification the heat flow does restrict the increase of the von Neumann entropy. When applied to the case of relic gravitons (with frequencies between the aHz region and the THz domain), the bounds obtained here set a limit on initial thermal gravitons and on the total duration of inflation.

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Phys. Rev. D 111, L061301– Published 5 March, 2025
  • Received 30 September 2024
  • Accepted 14 February 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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