Letter
Open Access

Up and down quark structure of the proton

V. M. Abazov³¹, B. Abbott⁶⁶, B. S. Acharya²⁵, M. Adams⁴⁵, T. Adams⁴³, J. P. Agnew⁴⁰, G. D. Alexeev³¹, G. Alkhazov³⁵, A. Alton^55,b et al. (D0 Collaboration)

A. Alton^55,b, A. Askew⁴³, S. Atkins⁵³, K. Augsten⁷, C. Avila⁵, F. Badaud¹⁰, L. Bagby⁴⁴, B. Baldin⁴⁴, D. V. Bandurin⁷³, S. Banerjee²⁵, E. Barberis⁵⁴, P. Baringer⁵², J. F. Bartlett⁴⁴, U. Bassler¹⁵, V. Bazterra⁴⁵, A. Bean⁵², M. Begalli², L. Bellantoni⁴⁴, S. B. Beri²³, G. Bernardi¹⁴, R. Bernhard¹⁹, I. Bertram³⁸, M. Besançon¹⁵, R. Beuselinck³⁹, P. C. Bhat⁴⁴, S. Bhatia⁵⁷, V. Bhatnagar²³, G. Blazey⁴⁶, S. Blessing⁴³, K. Bloom⁵⁸, A. Boehnlein⁴⁴, D. Boline⁶³, E. E. Boos³³, G. Borissov³⁸, A. Brandt⁷⁰, O. Brandt²⁰, M. Brochmann⁷⁴, R. Brock⁵⁶, A. Bross⁴⁴, D. Brown¹⁴, X. B. Bu⁴⁴, M. Buehler⁴⁴, V. Buescher²¹, V. Bunichev³³, S. Burdin^38,c, C. P. Buszello³⁷, E. Camacho-Pérez²⁸, B. C. K. Casey⁴⁴, H. Castilla-Valdez²⁸, S. Caughron⁵⁶, S. Chakrabarti⁶³, K. M. Chan⁵⁰, A. Chandra⁷², E. Chapon¹⁵, G. Chen⁵², S. W. Cho²⁷, S. Choi²⁷, B. Choudhary²⁴, S. Cihangir^44,a, D. Claes⁵⁸, J. Clutter⁵², M. Cooke^44,k, W. E. Cooper⁴⁴, M. Corcoran^72,a, F. Couderc¹⁵, M.-C. Cousinou¹², J. Cuth²¹, D. Cutts⁶⁹, A. Das⁷¹, G. Davies³⁹, S. J. de Jong^29,30, E. De La Cruz-Burelo²⁸, F. Déliot¹⁵, R. Demina⁶², D. Denisov⁶⁴, S. P. Denisov³⁴, S. Desai⁴⁴, C. Deterre^40,d, K. DeVaughan⁵⁸, H. T. Diehl⁴⁴, M. Diesburg⁴⁴, P. F. Ding⁴⁰, A. Dominguez⁵⁸, A. Drutskoy^32,p, A. Dubey²⁴, L. V. Dudko³³, A. Duperrin¹², S. Dutt²³, M. Eads⁴⁶, D. Edmunds⁵⁶, J. Ellison⁴², V. D. Elvira⁴⁴, Y. Enari¹⁴, H. Evans⁴⁸, A. Evdokimov⁴⁵, V. N. Evdokimov³⁴, A. Fauré¹⁵, L. Feng⁴⁶, T. Ferbel^62,a, F. Fiedler²¹, F. Filthaut^29,30, W. Fisher⁵⁶, H. E. Fisk^44,a, M. Fortner⁴⁶, H. Fox³⁸, J. Franc⁷, S. Fuess⁴⁴, P. H. Garbincius⁴⁴, A. Garcia-Bellido⁶², J. A. García-González²⁸, V. Gavrilov³², W. Geng^12,56, C. E. Gerber⁴⁵, Y. Gershtein⁵⁹, G. Ginther⁴⁴, G. Golovanov^31,a, P. D. Grannis⁶³, S. Greder¹⁶, H. Greenlee⁴⁴, G. Grenier¹⁷, Ph. Gris¹⁰, J.-F. Grivaz¹³, A. Grohsjean^15,d, S. Grünendahl⁴⁴, M. W. Grünewald²⁶, T. Guillemin¹³, G. Gutierrez⁴⁴, P. Gutierrez⁶⁶, J. Haley⁶⁷, L. Han⁴, K. Harder⁴⁰, A. Harel⁶², J. M. Hauptman⁵¹, J. Hays³⁹, T. Head⁴⁰, T. Hebbeker¹⁸, D. Hedin⁴⁶, H. Hegab⁶⁷, A. P. Heinson⁴², U. Heintz⁶⁹, C. Hensel¹, I. Heredia-De La Cruz^28,e, K. Herner⁴⁴, G. Hesketh^40,g, M. D. Hildreth⁵⁰, R. Hirosky⁷³, T. Hoang⁴³, J. D. Hobbs⁶³, B. Hoeneisen⁹, J. Hogan⁷², M. Hohlfeld²¹, J. L. Holzbauer⁵⁷, I. Howley⁷⁰, Z. Hubacek^7,15, V. Hynek⁷, I. Iashvili⁶¹, Y. Ilchenko⁷¹, R. Illingworth⁴⁴, A. S. Ito⁴⁴, S. Jabeen^44,l, M. Jaffré¹³, A. Jayasinghe⁶⁶, M. S. Jeong²⁷, R. Jesik³⁹, P. Jiang^4,a, K. Johns⁴¹, E. Johnson⁵⁶, M. Johnson⁴⁴, A. Jonckheere⁴⁴, P. Jonsson³⁹, J. Joshi⁴², A. W. Jung^44,n, A. Juste³⁶, E. Kajfasz¹², D. Karmanov³³, I. Katsanos⁵⁸, M. Kaur²³, R. Kehoe⁷¹, S. Kermiche¹², N. Khalatyan⁴⁴, A. Khanov⁶⁷, A. Kharchilava⁶¹, Y. N. Kharzheev³¹, I. Kiselevich³², J. M. Kohli²³, A. V. Kozelov^34,a, J. Kraus⁵⁷, A. Kumar⁶¹, A. Kupco⁸, T. Kurča¹⁷, V. A. Kuzmin³³, S. Lammers⁴⁸, P. Lebrun¹⁷, H. S. Lee²⁷, S. W. Lee⁵¹, W. M. Lee^44,a, X. Lei⁴¹, J. Lellouch¹⁴, D. Li¹⁴, H. Li⁷³, L. Li⁴², Q. Z. Li⁴⁴, J. K. Lim²⁷, D. Lincoln⁴⁴, J. Linnemann⁵⁶, V. V. Lipaev^34,a, R. Lipton⁴⁴, H. Liu⁷¹, Y. Liu⁴, A. Lobodenko³⁵, M. Lokajicek^8,a, R. Lopes de Sa⁴⁴, R. Luna-Garcia^28,h, A. L. Lyon⁴⁴, A. K. A. Maciel¹, R. Madar¹⁹, R. Magaña-Villalba²⁸, S. Malik⁵⁸, V. L. Malyshev³¹, J. Mansour²⁰, J. Martínez-Ortega²⁸, R. McCarthy⁶³, C. L. McGivern⁴⁰, M. M. Meijer^29,30, A. Melnitchouk⁴⁴, D. Menezes⁴⁶, P. G. Mercadante³, M. Merkin³³, A. Meyer¹⁸, J. Meyer^20,j, F. Miconi¹⁶, N. K. Mondal²⁵, M. Mulhearn⁷³, E. Nagy¹², M. Narain^69,a, R. Nayyar⁴¹, H. A. Neal^55,a, J. P. Negret⁵, P. Neustroev³⁵, H. T. Nguyen⁷³, T. Nunnemann²², J. Orduna⁶⁹, N. Osman¹², A. Pal⁷⁰, N. Parashar⁴⁹, V. Parihar⁶⁹, S. K. Park²⁷, R. Partridge^69,f, N. Parua⁴⁸, A. Patwa^64,k, B. Penning³⁹, M. Perfilov³³, Y. Peters⁴⁰, K. Petridis⁴⁰, G. Petrillo⁶², P. Pétroff¹³, M.-A. Pleier⁶⁴, V. M. Podstavkov⁴⁴, A. V. Popov³⁴, M. Prewitt⁷², D. Price⁴⁰, N. Prokopenko³⁴, J. Qian⁵⁵, A. Quadt²⁰, B. Quinn⁵⁷, P. N. Ratoff³⁸, I. Razumov⁶⁰, I. Ripp-Baudot¹⁶, F. Rizatdinova⁶⁷, M. Rominsky⁴⁴, A. Ross³⁸, C. Royon⁵², P. Rubinov⁴⁴, R. Ruchti⁵⁰, G. Sajot¹¹, A. Sánchez-Hernández²⁸, M. P. Sanders²², A. S. Santos^1,i, G. Savage⁴⁴, L. Sawyer⁵³, T. Scanlon³⁹, R. D. Schamberger⁶³, Y. Scheglov^35,a, H. Schellman^68,47, M. Schott²¹, C. Schwanenberger^40,d, R. Schwienhorst⁵⁶, J. Sekaric⁵², H. Severini⁶⁶, E. Shabalina²⁰, V. Shary¹⁵, S. Shaw⁴⁰, A. A. Shchukin³⁴, V. Simak^7,a, P. Skubic⁶⁶, P. Slattery⁶², G. R. Snow^58,a, J. Snow⁶⁵, S. Snyder⁶⁴, S. Söldner-Rembold⁴⁰, L. Sonnenschein¹⁸, K. Soustruznik⁶, J. Stark¹¹, D. A. Stoyanova³⁴, M. Strauss⁶⁶, L. Suter⁴⁰, P. Svoisky⁷³, M. Titov¹⁵, V. V. Tokmenin^31,a, Y.-T. Tsai⁶², D. Tsybychev⁶³, B. Tuchming¹⁵, C. Tully⁶⁰, L. Uvarov³⁵, S. Uvarov³⁵, S. Uzunyan⁴⁶, R. Van Kooten⁴⁸, W. M. van Leeuwen²⁹, N. Varelas⁴⁵, E. W. Varnes⁴¹, I. A. Vasilyev³⁴, A. Y. Verkheev³¹, L. S. Vertogradov³¹, M. Verzocchi⁴⁴, M. Vesterinen⁴⁰, D. Vilanova¹⁵, P. Vokac⁷, H. D. Wahl^43,a, C. Wang⁴, M. H. L. S. Wang⁴⁴, J. Warchol^50,a, G. Watts⁷⁴, M. Wayne⁵⁰, J. Weichert²¹, L. Welty-Rieger⁴⁷, M. R. J. Williams^48,m, G. W. Wilson⁵², M. Wobisch⁵³, D. R. Wood⁵⁴, T. R. Wyatt⁴⁰, M. Xie⁴, Y. Xie⁴⁴, R. Yamada^44,a, S. Yang ⁴, T. Yasuda⁴⁴, Y. A. Yatsunenko^31,a, W. Ye⁶³, Z. Ye⁴⁴, H. Yin⁴⁴, K. Yip⁶⁴, S. W. Youn⁴⁴, J. M. Yu⁵⁵, J. Zennamo⁶¹, T. G. Zhao⁴⁰, B. Zhou⁵⁵, J. Zhu⁵⁵, M. Zielinski⁶², D. Zieminska⁴⁸, and L. Zivkovic^14,o (D0 Collaboration)

¹LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290, Brazil
²Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550, Brazil
³Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210, Brazil
⁴University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
⁵Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
⁶Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Particle Physics, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
⁷Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
⁸Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
⁹Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170157, Ecuador
¹⁰LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
¹¹LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
¹²CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
¹³LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
¹⁴LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
¹⁵IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
¹⁶IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
¹⁷IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
¹⁸III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
¹⁹Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
²⁰II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
²¹Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
²²Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
²³Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
²⁴Delhi University, Delhi-110 007, India
²⁵Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
²⁶University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
²⁷Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
²⁸CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
²⁹Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
³⁰Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
³¹Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
³²Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
³³Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
³⁴Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow Region 142281, Russia
³⁵Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
³⁶Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
³⁷Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
³⁸Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
³⁹Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
⁴⁰The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
⁴¹University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
⁴²University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
⁴³Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
⁴⁴Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
⁴⁵University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
⁴⁶Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
⁴⁷Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
⁴⁸Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
⁴⁹Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323, USA
⁵⁰University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
⁵¹Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
⁵²University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
⁵³Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
⁵⁴Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
⁵⁵University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
⁵⁶Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
⁵⁷University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
⁵⁸University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
⁵⁹Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
⁶⁰Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
⁶¹State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
⁶²University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
⁶³State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
⁶⁴Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
⁶⁵Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73050, USA
⁶⁶University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
⁶⁷Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
⁶⁸Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
⁶⁹Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
⁷⁰University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
⁷¹Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
⁷²Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
⁷³University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
⁷⁴University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^aDeceased.
^bVisitor from Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA.
^cVisitor from The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
^dVisitor from Deutshes Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Germany.
^eVisitor from CONACyT, M-03940 Mexico City, Mexico.
^fVisitor from SLAC, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
^gVisitor from University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
^hVisitor from Centro de Investigacion en Computacion—IPN, CP 07738 Mexico City, Mexico.
ⁱVisitor from Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, São Paulo 01140, Brazil.
^jVisitor from Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)—Steinbuch Centre for Computing (SCC), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
^kVisitor from Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA.
^lVisitor from University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
^mVisitor from European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
ⁿVisitor from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
^oVisitor from Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
^pVisitor from P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

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Phys. Rev. D 110, L091101 – Published 7 November, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.L091101

Abstract

We report an improved measurement of the valence $u$ and $d$ quark distributions from the forward-backward asymmetry in the Drell-Yan process using $8.6 {fb}^{- 1}$ of data collected with the D0 detector in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ . This analysis provides the values of new structure parameters that are directly related to the valence up and down quark distributions in the proton. In other experimental results measuring the quark content of the proton, $d$ quark contributions are mixed with those from other quark flavors. In this measurement, the $u$ and $d$ quark contributions are separately extracted by applying a factorization of the QCD and electroweak portions of the forward-backward asymmetry.

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References (34)

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Phys. Rev. D 110, L091101– Published 7 November, 2024

Vol. 110, Iss. 9 — 1 November 2024

Received 14 March 2024
Revised 26 May 2024
Accepted 29 September 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.L091101

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Up and down quark structure of the proton

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