Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Probing exotic JPC resonances from deeply bound charmoniumlike molecules: Insights for identifying exotic hadrons

Zhi-Peng Wang1,2,*, Fu-Lai Wang1,2,3,4,†, Guang-Juan Wang5,‡, and Xiang Liu1,2,3,4,6,§

  • *Contact author: wangzhp2020@lzu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: wangfl2016@lzu.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: wgj@post.kek.jp
  • §Contact author: xiangliu@lzu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 110, L051501 – Published 4 September, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.L051501

Abstract

We investigate the resonance phenomenon in deeply bound charmoniumlike states. By interpreting the Y(4220), Y(4360), and ψ(4415) states as deeply S-wave bound DD¯1, D*D¯1, and D*D¯2* molecules, respectively, we robustly predict the existence of 4 S-wave deeply bound C-parity partner states and 13 P-wave charmoniumlike molecular resonances. These states, formed by exchanging the light mesons and pinpointed through the complex scaling method, include 3 S-wave bound states with exotic quantum numbers I(JPC)=0(1−+) and 5 P-wave resonances with exotic 0(0−+) and 0(2+−). We expect future experiments to search for such exotic molecular resonances, which will not only enrich the ongoing construction of “Particle Zoo 2.0” but also help to scrutinize the hadronic molecular assignments of the Y- family particles including the Y(4220), Y(4360), and ψ(4415) states.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (77)

  1. C. Amsler and N. A. Tornqvist, Mesons beyond the naive quark model, Phys. Rep. 389, 61 (2004).
  2. E. S. Swanson, The new heavy mesons: A status report, Phys. Rep. 429, 243 (2006).
  3. S. Godfrey and S. L. Olsen, The exotic XYZ charmonium-like mesons, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 58, 51 (2008).
  4. N. Drenska, R. Faccini, F. Piccinini, A. Polosa, F. Renga, and C. Sabelli, New hadronic spectroscopy, Riv. Nuovo Cimento 33, 633 (2010).
  5. G. V. Pakhlova, P. N. Pakhlov, and S. I. Eidelman, Exotic charmonium, Phys. Usp. 53, 219 (2010).
  6. R. Faccini, A. Pilloni, and A. D. Polosa, Exotic heavy quarkonium spectroscopy: A mini-review, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27, 1230025 (2012).
  7. X. Liu, An overview of XYZ new particles, Chin. Sci. Bull. 59, 3815 (2014).
  8. A. Hosaka, T. Iijima, K. Miyabayashi, Y. Sakai, and S. Yasui, Exotic hadrons with heavy flavors: X, Y, Z, and related states, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2016, 062C01 (2016).
  9. H. X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, The hidden-charm pentaquark and tetraquark states, Phys. Rep. 639, 1 (2016).
  10. J. M. Richard, Exotic hadrons: Review and perspectives, Few-Body Syst. 57, 1185 (2016).
  11. R. F. Lebed, R. E. Mitchell, and E. S. Swanson, Heavy-quark QCD exotica, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 93, 143 (2017).
  12. A. Ali, J. S. Lange, and S. Stone, Exotics: Heavy pentaquarks and tetraquarks, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 97, 123 (2017).
  13. Y. Dong, A. Faessler, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, Description of heavy exotic resonances as molecular states using phenomenological Lagrangians, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 94, 282 (2017).
  14. S. L. Olsen, T. Skwarnicki, and D. Zieminska, Nonstandard heavy mesons and baryons: Experimental evidence, Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015003 (2018).
  15. F. K. Guo, C. Hanhart, U. G. Meißner, Q. Wang, Q. Zhao, and B. S. Zou, Hadronic molecules, Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015004 (2018).
  16. C. Z. Yuan, The XYZ states revisited, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 33, 1830018 (2018).
  17. Y. R. Liu, H. X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, Pentaquark and tetraquark states, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 107, 237 (2019).
  18. R. M. Albuquerque, J. M. Dias, K. P. Khemchandani, A. Martínez Torres, F. S. Navarra, M. Nielsen, and C. M. Zanetti, QCD sum rules approach to the X, Y and Z states, J. Phys. G 46, 093002 (2019).
  19. N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, C. Hanhart, A. Nefediev, C. P. Shen, C. E. Thomas, A. Vairo, and C. Z. Yuan, The XYZ states: Experimental and theoretical status and perspectives, Phys. Rep. 873, 1 (2020).
  20. Y. Yamaguchi, A. Hosaka, S. Takeuchi, and M. Takizawa, Heavy hadronic molecules with pion exchange and quark core couplings: A guide for practitioners, J. Phys. G 47, 053001 (2020).
  21. L. Meng, B. Wang, G. J. Wang, and S. L. Zhu, Chiral perturbation theory for heavy hadrons and chiral effective field theory for heavy hadronic molecules, Phys. Rep. 1019, 1 (2023).
  22. H. X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, Y. R. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, An updated review of the new hadron states, Rep. Prog. Phys. 86, 026201 (2023).
  23. R. L. Workman et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 083C01 (2022).
  24. F. Close and C. Downum, On the possibility of deeply bound hadronic molecules from single pion exchange, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 242003 (2009).
  25. F. Close, C. Downum, and C. E. Thomas, Novel charmonium and bottomonium spectroscopies due to deeply bound hadronic molecules from single pion exchange, Phys. Rev. D 81, 074033 (2010).
  26. T. Ji, X. K. Dong, F. K. Guo, and B. S. Zou, Prediction of a narrow exotic hadronic state with quantum numbers JPC=0−−, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 102002 (2022).
  27. I. Tanihata, H. Hamagaki, O. Hashimoto, Y. Shida, N. Yoshikawa, K. Sugimoto, O. Yamakawa, T. Kobayashi, and N. Takahashi, Measurements of interaction cross-sections and nuclear radii in the light p-shell region, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2676 (1985).
  28. T. Nakamura, N. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, Y. Satou, N. Aoi, H. Baba, S. Deguchi, N. Fukuda, J. Gibelin, N. Inabe et al., Halo structure of the island of inversion nucleus Ne31, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 262501 (2009).
  29. K. Tanaka, T. Yamaguchi, T. Suzuki, T. Ohtsubo, M. Fukuda, D. Nishimura, M. Takechi, K. Ogata, A. Ozawa, T. Izumikawa et al., Observation of a large reaction cross section in the drip-line nucleus C22, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 062701 (2010).
  30. J. Meng and P. Ring, Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov description of the neutron halo in Li11, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3963 (1996).
  31. W. Poschl, D. Vretenar, G. A. Lalazissis, and P. Ring, Relativistic Hartree-Bogolyubov theory with finite range pairing forces in coordinate space: Neutron halo in light nuclei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3841 (1997).
  32. N. Sandulescu, L. S. Geng, H. Toki, and G. Hillhouse, Pairing correlations and resonant states in the relativistic mean field theory, Phys. Rev. C 68, 054323 (2003).
  33. J. Meng and P. Ring, A giant halo at the neutron dripline, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 460 (1998).
  34. J. Meng, H. Toki, J. Y. Zeng, S. Q. Zhang, and S. G. Zhou, Giant halo at the neutron dripline in Ca isotopes in relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory, Phys. Rev. C 65, 041302 (2002).
  35. J. Terasaki, S. Q. Zhang, S. G. Zhou, and J. Meng, Giant halos in relativistic and nonrelativistic approaches, Phys. Rev. C 74, 054318 (2006).
  36. M. Grasso, S. Yoshida, N. Sandulescu, and N. Van Giai, Giant neutron halos in the non-relativistic mean field approach, Phys. Rev. C 74, 064317 (2006).
  37. I. Hamamoto, Interpretation of Coulomb breakup of Ne31 in terms of deformation, Phys. Rev. C 81, 021304 (2010).
  38. S. G. Zhou, J. Meng, P. Ring, and E. G. Zhao, Neutron halo in deformed nuclei, Phys. Rev. C 82, 011301 (2010).
  39. B. Hu, X. L. Chen, Z. G. Luo, P. Z. Huang, S. L. Zhu, P. F. Yu, and X. Liu, Possible heavy molecular states composed of a pair of excited charm-strange mesons, Chin. Phys. C 35, 113 (2011).
  40. X. Liu, Y. R. Liu, W. Z. Deng, and S. L. Zhu, Z+(4430) as a D1′D*(D1D*) molecular state, Phys. Rev. D 77, 094015 (2008).
  41. Y. R. Liu, Heavy quark spin selection rules in meson-antimeson states, Phys. Rev. D 88, 074008 (2013).
  42. L. L. Shen, X. L. Chen, Z. G. Luo, P. Z. Huang, S. L. Zhu, P. F. Yu, and X. Liu, The molecular systems composed of the charmed mesons in the HS¯+h.c. doublet, Eur. Phys. J. C 70, 183 (2010).
  43. M. T. Li, W. L. Wang, Y. B. Dong, and Z. Y. Zhang, A study of one S- and one P-wave heavy meson interaction in a chiral quark model, Commun. Theor. Phys. 63, 63 (2015).
  44. M. T. Li, W. L. Wang, Y. B. Dong, and Z. Y. Zhang, A study of P-wave heavy meson interactions in a chiral quark model, arXiv:1303.4140.
  45. X. K. Dong, F. K. Guo, and B. S. Zou, A survey of heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules, Prog. Phys. 41, 65 (2021).
  46. R. Chen, X. Liu, Y. R. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, Predictions of the hidden-charm molecular states with four-quark component, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 319 (2016).
  47. X. Liu, Y. R. Liu, W. Z. Deng, and S. L. Zhu, Is Z+(4430) a loosely bound molecular state?, Phys. Rev. D 77, 034003 (2008).
  48. Y. R. Liu, X. Liu, W. Z. Deng, and S. L. Zhu, Is X(3872) really a molecular state?, Eur. Phys. J. C 56, 63 (2008).
  49. X. Liu, Z. G. Luo, Y. R. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, X(3872) and other possible heavy molecular states, Eur. Phys. J. C 61, 411 (2009).
  50. Z. F. Sun, X. Liu, M. Nielsen, and S. L. Zhu, Hadronic molecules with both open charm and bottom, Phys. Rev. D 85, 094008 (2012).
  51. F. L. Wang and X. Liu, Exotic double-charm molecular states with hidden or open strangeness and around 4.5–4.7 GeV, Phys. Rev. D 102, 094006 (2020).
  52. G. J. Ding, Are Y(4260) and Z2+(4250) are D1D or D0D* hadronic molecules?, Phys. Rev. D 79, 014001 (2009).
  53. G. Burdman and J. F. Donoghue, Union of chiral and heavy quark symmetries, Phys. Lett. B 280, 287 (1992).
  54. M. B. Wise, Chiral perturbation theory for hadrons containing a heavy quark, Phys. Rev. D 45, R2188 (1992).
  55. T. M. Yan, H. Y. Cheng, C. Y. Cheung, G. L. Lin, Y. C. Lin, and H. L. Yu, Heavy quark symmetry and chiral dynamics, Phys. Rev. D 46, 1148 (1992); 55, 5851(E) (1997).
  56. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.L051501 for comprehensive information on the coupling constants in Lagrangians, potentials, and methodologies for identifying the poles corresponding to the bound and resonant states through the complex scaling method.
  57. V. B. Berestetsky, E. M. Lifshitz, and L. P. Pitaevsky, Quantum Electrodynamics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1982), 10.1016/B978-0-08-050346-2.50020-9.
  58. N. A. Tornqvist, From the deuteron to deusons, an analysis of deuteron—like meson meson bound states, Z. Phys. C 61, 525 (1994).
  59. N. A. Tornqvist, On deusons or deuteron—like meson meson bound states, Nuovo Cimento A 107, 2471 (1994).
  60. T. Myo, Y. Kikuchi, H. Masui, and K. Katō, Recent development of complex scaling method for many-body resonances and continua in light nuclei, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 79, 1 (2014).
  61. T. Myo and K. Kato, Complex scaling: Physics of unbound light nuclei and perspective, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 12A101 (2020).
  62. N. Moiseyev, Quantum theory of resonances: Calculating energies, widths and cross-sections by complex scaling, Phys. Rep. 302, 212 (1998).
  63. G. J. Wang, Z. Yang, J. J. Wu, M. Oka, and S. L. Zhu, New insight into the exotic states strongly coupled with the DD¯* from the Tcc+, arXiv:2306.12406.
  64. Y. S. Ren, G. J. Wang, Z. Yang, and J. J. Wu, Investigation on the bottom analogs of the Tcc+, arXiv:2310.09836.
  65. Y. K. Chen, L. Meng, Z. Y. Lin, and S. L. Zhu, Virtual states in the coupled-channel problems with an improved complex scaling method, Phys. Rev. D 109, 034006 (2024).
  66. J. B. Cheng, Z. Y. Lin, and S. L. Zhu, Double-charm tetraquark under the complex scaling method, Phys. Rev. D 106, 016012 (2022).
  67. J. B. Cheng, D. x. Zheng, Z. Y. Lin, and S. L. Zhu, Double-charm and hidden-charm hexaquark states under the complex scaling method, Phys. Rev. D 107, 054018 (2023).
  68. J. B. Cheng, B. L. Huang, Z. Y. Lin, and S. L. Zhu, Zcs, Zc and Zb states under the complex scaling method, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 1071 (2023).
  69. R. Machleidt, K. Holinde, and C. Elster, The bonn meson exchange model for the nucleon nucleon interaction, Phys. Rep. 149, 1 (1987).
  70. E. Epelbaum, H. W. Hammer, and U. G. Meissner, Modern theory of nuclear forces, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1773 (2009).
  71. A. Esposito, A. L. Guerrieri, F. Piccinini, A. Pilloni, and A. D. Polosa, Four-quark hadrons: An updated review, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 30, 1530002 (2015).
  72. G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. I. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1950).
  73. S. K. Choi et al. (Belle Collaboration), Observation of a resonance-like structure in the π±ψ′ mass distribution in exclusive B→Kπ±ψ′ decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 142001 (2008).
  74. K. Chilikin et al. (Belle Collaboration), Experimental constraints on the spin and parity of the Z(4430)+, Phys. Rev. D 88, 074026 (2013).
  75. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of the resonant character of the Z(4430)− state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 222002 (2014).
  76. T. Barnes, F. E. Close, and E. S. Swanson, Molecular interpretation of the supercharmonium state Z(4475), Phys. Rev. D 91, 014004 (2015).
  77. J. He and D. Y. Chen, Interpretation of Y(4390) as an isoscalar partner of Z(4430) from D*(2010)D¯1(2420) interaction, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 398 (2017).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation