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First measurement of the yield of He8 isotopes produced in liquid scintillator by cosmic-ray muons at Daya Bay

F. P. An1, W. D. Bai1, A. B. Balantekin2, M. Bishai3, S. Blyth4, G. F. Cao5, J. Cao5,6, J. F. Chang5, Y. Chang7 et al.

H. S. Chen5, H. Y. Chen8, S. M. Chen8, Y. Chen9,1, Y. X. Chen10, Z. Y. Chen5,6, J. Cheng10, J. Cheng10, Y.-C. Cheng4, Z. K. Cheng1, J. J. Cherwinka2, M. C. Chu11, J. P. Cummings12, O. Dalager13, F. S. Deng14, X. Y. Ding15, Y. Y. Ding5, M. V. Diwan3, T. Dohnal16, D. Dolzhikov17, J. Dove18, H. Y. Duyang15, D. A. Dwyer19, J. P. Gallo20, M. Gonchar17, G. H. Gong8, H. Gong8, W. Q. Gu3, J. Y. Guo1, L. Guo8, X. H. Guo21, Y. H. Guo22, Z. Guo8, R. W. Hackenburg3, H. C. Han5, Y. Han1, S. Hans3,*, M. He5, K. M. Heeger23, Y. K. Heng5, Y. K. Hor1, Y. B. Hsiung4, B. Z. Hu4, J. R. Hu5, T. Hu5, Z. J. Hu1, H. X. Huang24, J. H. Huang5,6, X. T. Huang15, Y. B. Huang25, P. Huber26, D. E. Jaffe3, K. L. Jen27, X. L. Ji5, X. P. Ji3, R. A. Johnson28, D. Jones29, L. Kang30, S. H. Kettell3, S. Kohn31, M. Kramer19,31, T. J. Langford23, J. Lee19, J. H. C. Lee32, R. T. Lei30, R. Leitner16, J. K. C. Leung32, F. Li5, H. L. Li5, J. J. Li8, Q. J. Li5, R. H. Li5,6, S. Li30, S. C. Li26, W. D. Li5, X. N. Li5, X. Q. Li33, Y. F. Li5, Z. B. Li1, H. Liang14, C. J. Lin19, G. L. Lin27, S. Lin30, J. J. Ling1, J. M. Link26, L. Littenberg3, B. R. Littlejohn20, J. C. Liu5, J. L. Liu34, J. X. Liu5, C. Lu35, H. Q. Lu5, K. B. Luk31,19,36, B. Z. Ma15, X. B. Ma10, X. Y. Ma5, Y. Q. Ma5, R. C. Mandujano13, C. Marshall19,†, K. T. McDonald35, R. D. McKeown37,38, Y. Meng34, J. Napolitano29, D. Naumov17, E. Naumova17, T. M. T. Nguyen27, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux13, A. Olshevskiy17, J. Park26, S. Patton19, J. C. Peng18, C. S. J. Pun32, F. Z. Qi5, M. Qi39, X. Qian3, N. Raper1, J. Ren24, C. Morales Reveco13, R. Rosero3, B. Roskovec16, X. C. Ruan24, B. Russell19, H. Steiner31,19, J. L. Sun40, T. Tmej16, K. Treskov17, W.-H. Tse11, C. E. Tull19, Y. C. Tung4, B. Viren3, V. Vorobel16, C. H. Wang7, J. Wang1, M. Wang15, N. Y. Wang21, R. G. Wang5, W. Wang1,38, X. Wang41, Y. F. Wang5, Y. G. Wang15, Z. Wang5, Z. Wang8, Z. M. Wang5, H. Y. Wei3,‡, L. H. Wei5, W. Wei15, L. J. Wen5, K. Whisnant42, C. G. White20, H. L. H. Wong31,19, E. Worcester3, D. R. Wu5, Q. Wu15, W. J. Wu5, D. M. Xia43, Z. Q. Xie5, Z. Z. Xing5, H. K. Xu5, J. L. Xu5, T. Xu8, T. Xue8, C. G. Yang5, L. Yang30, Y. Z. Yang8, H. F. Yao5, M. Ye5, M. Yeh3, B. L. Young42, H. Z. Yu1, Z. Y. Yu5, C. Z. Yuan5,6, B. B. Yue1, V. Zavadskyi17, S. Zeng5, Y. Zeng1, L. Zhan5, C. Zhang3, F. Y. Zhang34, H. H. Zhang1, J. L. Zhang39, J. W. Zhang5, Q. M. Zhang22, S. Q. Zhang1, X. T. Zhang5, Y. M. Zhang1, Y. X. Zhang40, Y. Y. Zhang34, Z. J. Zhang30, Z. P. Zhang14, Z. Y. Zhang5, J. Zhao5, R. Z. Zhao5, L. Zhou5, H. L. Zhuang5, and J. H. Zou5

  • 1Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
  • 2University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
  • 3Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
  • 4Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 5Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
  • 6New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
  • 7National United University, Miao-Li, Taiwan
  • 8Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  • 9Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
  • 10North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
  • 11Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • 12Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, USA
  • 13Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
  • 14University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
  • 15Shandong University, Jinan, China
  • 16Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 17Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • 18Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
  • 19Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 20Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
  • 21Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
  • 22Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
  • 23Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
  • 24China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
  • 25Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, China
  • 26Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
  • 27Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • 28Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
  • 29Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
  • 30Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
  • 31Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 32Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
  • 33School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
  • 34Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai, China
  • 35Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
  • 36The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
  • 37California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 38College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
  • 39Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
  • 40China General Nuclear Power Group, Shenzhen, China
  • 41College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
  • 42Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
  • 43Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

  • *Now at Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Bronx Community College, Bronx, New York 10453, USA.
  • †Now at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
  • ‡Now at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles 70803, USA.

Phys. Rev. D 110, L011101 – Published 15 July, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.L011101

Abstract

Daya Bay presents the first measurement of cosmogenic He8 isotope production in liquid scintillator, using an innovative method for identifying cascade decays of He8 and its child isotope, Li8. We also measure the production yield of Li9 isotopes using well-established methodology. The results, in units of 10−8μ−1g−1  cm2, are 0.307±0.042, 0.341±0.040, and 0.546±0.076 for He8, and 6.73±0.73, 6.75±0.70, and 13.74±0.82 for Li9 at average muon energies of 63.9 GeV, 64.7 GeV, and 143.0 GeV, respectively. The measured production rate of He8 isotopes is more than an order of magnitude lower than any other measurement of cosmogenic isotope production. It replaces the results of previous attempts to determine the ratio of He8 to Li9 production that yielded a wide range of limits from 0% to 30%. The results provide future liquid-scintillator-based experiments with improved ability to predict cosmogenic backgrounds.

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