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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Two-fermion negativity and confinement in the Schwinger model

Adrien Florio*

  • Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973

  • *aflorio@bnl.gov
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Phys. Rev. D 109, L071501 – Published 8 April, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.L071501

Abstract

We consider the fermionic (logarithmic) negativity between two fermionic modes in the Schwinger model. Recent results pointed out that fermionic systems can exhibit stronger entanglement than bosonic systems, exhibiting a negativity that decays only algebraically. The Schwinger model is described by fermionic excitations at short distances, while its asymptotic spectrum is the one of a bosonic theory. We show that the two-mode negativity detects this confining, fermion-to-boson transition, shifting from an algebraic decay to an exponential decay at distances of the order of the de Broglie wavelength of the first excited state. We derive analytical expressions in the massless Schwinger model and confront them with tensor network simulations. We also perform tensor network simulations in the massive model, which is not solvable analytically, and close to the Ising quantum critical point of the Schwinger model, where we show that the negativity behaves as its bosonic counterpart.

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Phys. Rev. D 109, L071501– Published 8 April, 2024
  • Received 10 January 2024
  • Accepted 14 February 2024
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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