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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Two-pole structures as a universal phenomenon dictated by coupled-channel chiral dynamics

Jia-Ming Xie1, Jun-Xu Lu1,*, Li-Sheng Geng1,2,3,4,†, and Bing-Song Zou2,5,6,7

  • 1School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
  • 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
  • 4Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huizhou 516000, Guangdong Province, China
  • 5CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 6School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 7School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

  • *Corresponding author: ljxwohool@buaa.edu.cn
  • †Corresponding author: lisheng.geng@buaa.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 108, L111502 – Published 18 December, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.L111502

Abstract

In the past two decades, one of the most puzzling phenomena discovered in hadron physics is that a nominal hadronic state can actually correspond to two poles on the complex energy plane. This phenomenon was first noticed for the Λ(1405), then for K1(1270), and to a lesser extent for D0*(2300). In this Letter, we show explicitly how the two-pole structures emerge from the underlying universal chiral dynamics describing the coupled-channel interactions between heavy matter particles and pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. In particular, the fact that two poles appear in between the two dominant coupled channels can be attributed to the particular form of the leading order chiral potentials of the Weinberg-Tomozawa form. Their line shapes overlap with each other because the degeneracy of the two coupled channels is only broken by explicit chiral symmetry breaking of higher order. We predict that for light-quark (pion) masses heavier than their physical values (e.g., about 200 MeV in the Λ(1405) case studied), the lower pole becomes a virtual state, which can be easily verified by future lattice QCD simulations. Furthermore, we anticipate similar two-pole structures in other systems, such as the isopin 1/2 K¯Σc−πΞc′ coupled channel, which await for experimental discoveries.

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Phys. Rev. D 108, L111502– Published 18 December, 2023
  • Received 9 August 2023
  • Accepted 22 November 2023
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