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  • Letter
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Tomography of pions and protons via transverse momentum dependent distributions

P. C. Barry1,2, L. Gamberg3, W. Melnitchouk1,4, E. Moffat3,2, D. Pitonyak5, A. Prokudin1,3, and N. Sato1 (Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) Collaboration)

  • 1Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 2Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 3Division of Science, Penn State Berks, Reading, Pennslyvania, 19610, USA
  • 4CSSM and CDMPP, Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
  • 5Department of Physics, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003, USA

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Phys. Rev. D 108, L091504 – Published 27 November, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.L091504

Abstract

We perform the first simultaneous extraction of parton collinear and transverse degrees of freedom from low-energy fixed-target Drell-Yan data in order to compare the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the pion and proton. We demonstrate that the transverse separation of the quark field encoded in TMDs of the pion is more than 4σ smaller than that of the proton. Additionally, we find the transverse separation of the quark field decreases as its longitudinal momentum fraction decreases. In studying the nuclear modification of TMDs, we find clear evidence for a transverse EMC effect. We comment on possible explanations for these intriguing behaviors, which call for a deeper examination of tomography in a variety of strongly interacting quark-gluon systems.

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Phys. Rev. D 108, L091504– Published 27 November, 2023
  • Received 16 February 2023
  • Accepted 20 October 2023
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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