- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Measuring the Migdal effect in semiconductors for dark matter detection

Duncan Adams1,*, Daniel Baxter2,†, Hannah Day3,‡, Rouven Essig1,§, and Yonatan Kahn3,4,∥

  • 1C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, USA
  • 2Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
  • 3Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
  • 4Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA

  • *duncan.adams@stonybrook.edu
  • †dbaxter9@fnal.gov
  • ‡hjday2@illinois.edu
  • §rouven.essig@stonybrook.edu
  • ∥yfkahn@illinois.edu
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 107, L041303 – Published 21 February, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.L041303

Abstract

The Migdal effect has received much attention from the dark matter direct detection community, in particular due to its power in setting leading limits on sub-GeV particle dark matter. However, it is crucial to obtain experimental confirmation of the Migdal effect through nuclear scattering using Standard Model probes. In this work, we extend existing calculations of the Migdal effect to the case of neutron-nucleus scattering, with a particular focus on neutron scattering angle distributions in silicon. We identify kinematic regimes wherein the assumptions present in current calculations of the Migdal effect hold for neutron scattering and demonstrate that these include viable neutron calibration schemes. We then apply this framework to propose an experimental strategy to measure the Migdal effect in cryogenic silicon detectors using an upgrade to the NEXUS facility at Fermilab.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (81)

  1. Y. Kahn and T. Lin, Rep. Prog. Phys. 85, 066901 (2022).
  2. J. D. Lewin and P. F. Smith, Astropart. Phys. 6, 87 (1996).
  3. R. Essig, J. Mardon, and T. Volansky, Phys. Rev. D 85, 076007 (2012).
  4. A. Migdal, Sov. Phys. JETP 9, 1163 (1939).
  5. A. Migdal, Sov. Phys. JETP 11, 207 (1941).
  6. T. A. Carlson and R. M. White, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 1748 (1963).
  7. M. S. Rapaport, F. Asaro, and I. Perlman, Phys. Rev. C 11, 1746 (1975).
  8. C. Couratin, P. Velten, X. Fléchard, E. Liénard, G. Ban, A. Cassimi, P. Delahaye, D. Durand, D. Hennecart, F. Mauger, A. Méry, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, Z. Patyk, D. Rodríguez, K. Siegien-Iwaniuk, and J.-C. Thomas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 243201 (2012).
  9. J. D. Vergados and H. Ejiri, Phys. Lett. B 606, 313 (2005).
  10. C. C. Moustakidis, J. D. Vergados, and H. Ejiri, Nucl. Phys. B727, 406 (2005).
  11. R. Bernabei et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 22, 3155 (2007).
  12. M. Ibe, W. Nakano, Y. Shoji, and K. Suzuki, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2018) 194.
  13. M. J. Dolan, F. Kahlhoefer, and C. McCabe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 101801 (2018).
  14. N. F. Bell, J. B. Dent, J. L. Newstead, S. Sabharwal, and T. J. Weiler, Phys. Rev. D 101, 015012 (2020).
  15. D. Baxter, Y. Kahn, and G. Krnjaic, Phys. Rev. D 101, 076014 (2020).
  16. R. Essig, J. Pradler, M. Sholapurkar, and T.-T. Yu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 021801 (2020).
  17. Z.-L. Liang, L. Zhang, F. Zheng, and P. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 102, 043007 (2020).
  18. C. P. Liu, C.-P. Wu, H.-C. Chi, and J.-W. Chen, Phys. Rev. D 102, 121303(R) (2020).
  19. Y. Kahn, G. Krnjaic, and B. Mandava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 081804 (2021).
  20. S. Knapen, J. Kozaczuk, and T. Lin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 081805 (2021).
  21. Z.-L. Liang, C. Mo, F. Zheng, and P. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 104, 056009 (2021).
  22. V. V. Flambaum, L. Su, L. Wu, and B. Zhu, arXiv:2012.09751.
  23. N. F. Bell, J. B. Dent, B. Dutta, S. Ghosh, J. Kumar, and J. L. Newstead, Phys. Rev. D 104, 076013 (2021).
  24. J. F. Acevedo, J. Bramante, and A. Goodman, Phys. Rev. D 105, 023012 (2022).
  25. W. Wang, K.-Y. Wu, L. Wu, and B. Zhu, Nucl. Phys. B983, 115907 (2022).
  26. Z.-L. Liang, C. Mo, F. Zheng, and P. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 106, 043004 (2022).
  27. C. Blanco, I. Harris, Y. Kahn, B. Lillard, and J. Pérez-Ríos, Phys. Rev. D 106, 115015 (2022).
  28. C. Kouvaris and J. Pradler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 031803 (2017).
  29. D. S. Akerib et al. (LUX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 131301 (2019).
  30. E. Armengaud et al. (EDELWEISS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 99, 082003 (2019).
  31. Z. Z. Liu et al. (CDEX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 161301 (2019).
  32. E. Aprile et al. (XENON Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 241803 (2019).
  33. G. Adhikari et al. (COSINE-100 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 105, 042006 (2022).
  34. M. Al-Bakry et al. (SuperCDMS Collaboration), arXiv:2203.02594.
  35. P. Agnes et al. (DarkSide Collaboration), arXiv:2207.11967.
  36. K. D. Nakamura, K. Miuchi, S. Kazama, Y. Shoji, M. Ibe, and W. Nakano, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2021, 013C01 (2021).
  37. J. Liao, H. Liu, and D. Marfatia, Phys. Rev. D 104, 015005 (2021).
  38. N. F. Bell, J. B. Dent, R. F. Lang, J. L. Newstead, and A. C. Ritter, Phys. Rev. D 105, 096015 (2022).
  39. H. M. Araújo et al., arXiv:2207.08284.
  40. P. Cox, M. J. Dolan, C. McCabe, and H. M. Quiney, arXiv:2208.12222.
  41. S. W. Lovesey, C. D. Bowman, and R. G. Johnson, Z. Phys. B Condens. Matter 47, 137 (1982).
  42. R. Elliott, in Condensed Matter Research Using Neutrons (Springer, New York, 1984), pp. 85–93.
  43. N. I. Gidopoulos, Phys. Rev. B 71, 054106 (2005).
  44. G. F. Reiter and P. M. Platzman, Phys. Rev. B 71, 054107 (2005).
  45. D. Colognesi, Physica (Amsterdam) 358B, 114 (2005).
  46. R. G. Johnson and C. D. Bowman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 797 (1982).
  47. M. Battaglieri et al., arXiv:1707.04591.
  48. R. Essig, G. K. Giovanetti, N. Kurinsky, D. McKinsey, K. Ramanathan, K. Stifter, and T.-T. Yu, arXiv:2203.08297.
  49. S. Knapen, J. Kozaczuk, and T. Lin, Phys. Rev. D 105, 015014 (2022).
  50. Y. Sarkis, A. Aguilar-Arevalo, and J. C. D’Olivo, arXiv:2209.04503.
  51. A. E. Chavarria et al., Phys. Rev. D 94, 082007 (2016).
  52. K. Ramanathan and N. Kurinsky, Phys. Rev. D 102, 063026 (2020).
  53. U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 72, 26 (1947).
  54. G. J. Csikai, CRC Handbook of Fast Neutron Generators (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl, 1987).
  55. T. H. Joshi, S. Sangiorgio, V. Mozin, E. B. Norman, P. Sorensen, M. Foxe, G. Bench, and A. Bernstein, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 333, 6 (2014).
  56. J. H. Gibbons, R. L. Macklin, and H. W. Schmitt, Phys. Rev. 100, 167 (1955).
  57. J. I. Collar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 211101 (2013).
  58. A. E. Robinson, Phys. Rev. C 94, 024613 (2016).
  59. P. Barbeau, J. Collar, and P. Whaley, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 574, 385 (2007).
  60. F. Y. Tsang and R. M. Brugger, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 134, 441 (1976).
  61. H. Aminfar and R. M. Brugger, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 188, 597 (1981).
  62. J. R. Verbus et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 851, 68 (2017).
  63. A. Biekert et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 1039, 166981 (2022).
  64. R. K. Romani et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 043501 (2018).
  65. D. W. Amaral et al. (SuperCDMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 102, 091101 (2020).
  66. R. Ren et al., Phys. Rev. D 104, 032010 (2021).
  67. M. F. Albakry et al. (SuperCDMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 105, 112006 (2022).
  68. D. A. Brown et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 148 (2018).
  69. A. Aguilar-Arevalo et al. (DAMIC Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 181802 (2019).
  70. L. Barak et al. (SENSEI Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 171802 (2020).
  71. N. Castelló-Mor (DAMIC-M Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 958, 162933 (2020).
  72. M. Settimo (DAMIC and DAMIC-M Collaborations), in 16th Rencontres du Vietnam: Theory Meeting Experiment: Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (2020), arXiv:2003.09497.
  73. A. Aguilar-Arevalo et al., arXiv:2202.10518.
  74. R. Agnese et al. (SuperCDMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 95, 082002 (2017).
  75. S. T. Thornton and J. B. Marion, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems (Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, 2021).
  76. K. V. Berghaus, A. Esposito, R. Essig, and M. Sholapurkar, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2023) 023.
  77. Y. Sarkis, A. Aguilar-Arevalo, and J. C. D’Olivo, Phys. Rev. D 101, 102001 (2020).
  78. J. Lindhard, V. Nielsen, M. Scharff, and P. V. Thomsen, Selskab. Mat. Fys. Medd. 33 (1963), http://gymarkiv.sdu.dk/MFM/kdvs/mfm%2030-39/mfm-33-10.pdf.
  79. M. Dressel, G. Gruner, and G. Grüner, Electrodynamics of Solids: Optical Properties of Electrons in Matter (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2002).
  80. Y. Hochberg, Y. Kahn, N. Kurinsky, B. V. Lehmann, T. C. Yu, and K. K. Berggren, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 151802 (2021).
  81. S. M. Griffin, K. Inzani, T. Trickle, Z. Zhang, and K. M. Zurek, Phys. Rev. D 104, 095015 (2021).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 107, L041303– Published 21 February, 2023
  • Received 17 October 2022
  • Accepted 20 January 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation