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Parasitic black holes: The swallowing of a fuzzy dark matter soliton

Vitor Cardoso1,2, Taishi Ikeda3, Rodrigo Vicente4, and Miguel Zilhão5

  • 1CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal
  • 2Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 3Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Universitá di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
  • 4Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 5Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, Portugal

Phys. Rev. D 106, L121302 – Published 28 December, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.L121302

Abstract

Fuzzy dark matter is an exciting alternative to the standard cold dark matter paradigm, reproducing its large scale predictions, while solving most of the existing tension with small scale observations. These models postulate that dark matter is constituted by light bosons and predict the condensation of a solitonic core—also known as boson star, supported by wave pressure—at the center of halos. However, solitons which host a parasitic supermassive black hole are doomed to be swallowed by their guest. It is thus crucial to understand in detail the accretion process. In this work, we use numerical relativity to self-consistently solve the problem of accretion of a boson star by a central black hole, in spherical symmetry. We identify three stages in the process, a boson quake, a catastrophic stage and a linear phase, as well as a general accurate expression for the lifetime of a boson star with an endoparasitic black hole. Lifetimes of these objects can be large enough to allow them to survive until the present time.

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