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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Schwinger function, confinement, and positivity violation in pure gauge QED

Lee C. Loveridge1,2,*, Orlando Oliveira1,†, and Paulo J. Silva1,‡

  • 1CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
  • 2Los Angeles Pierce College, 6201 Winnetka Ave., Woodland Hills, California 91371, USA

  • *loverilc@piercecollege.edu
  • †orlando@uc.pt
  • ‡psilva@uc.pt
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Phys. Rev. D 106, L011502 – Published 12 July, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.L011502

Abstract

The lattice regularized pure gauge compact U(1) theory is an ideal laboratory to explore how confinement is realized as its phase diagram has a confined and a deconfined phase that depends on the value of the coupling constant, i.e., on β. Herein, the connection between confinement and positivity violation through the Schwinger function associated with the Landau gauge photon propagator is investigated. The simulations reported show a very clear link between the realization of confinement and positivity violation of the photon Schwinger function and, therefore, of the photon Källén-Lehmann spectral density. Furthermore, a mass scale that characterizes the decay of the Schwinger function for small time separations is computed and used to distinguish the two phases of the theory.

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Phys. Rev. D 106, L011502– Published 12 July, 2022
  • Received 2 March 2022
  • Accepted 30 June 2022
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