Letter
Open Access

Charm-quark fragmentation fractions and production cross section at midrapidity in pp collisions at the LHC

S. Acharya¹⁴³, D. Adamová⁹⁸, A. Adler⁷⁶, J. Adolfsson⁸³, G. Aglieri Rinella³⁵, M. Agnello³¹, N. Agrawal⁵⁵, Z. Ahammed¹⁴³, S. Ahmad¹⁶ et al. (ALICE Collaboration)

S. Ahmad¹⁶, S. U. Ahn⁷⁸, I. Ahuja³⁹, Z. Akbar⁵², A. Akindinov⁹⁵, M. Al-Turany¹¹⁰, S. N. Alam⁴¹, D. Aleksandrov⁹¹, B. Alessandro⁶¹, H. M. Alfanda⁷, R. Alfaro Molina⁷³, B. Ali¹⁶, Y. Ali¹⁴, A. Alici²⁶, N. Alizadehvandchali¹²⁷, A. Alkin³⁵, J. Alme²¹, T. Alt⁷⁰, L. Altenkamper²¹, I. Altsybeev¹¹⁵, M. N. Anaam⁷, C. Andrei⁴⁹, D. Andreou⁹³, A. Andronic¹⁴⁶, M. Angeletti³⁵, V. Anguelov¹⁰⁷, F. Antinori⁵⁸, P. Antonioli⁵⁵, C. Anuj¹⁶, N. Apadula⁸², L. Aphecetche¹¹⁷, H. Appelshäuser⁷⁰, S. Arcelli²⁶, R. Arnaldi⁶¹, I. C. Arsene²⁰, M. Arslandok^107,148, A. Augustinus³⁵, R. Averbeck¹¹⁰, S. Aziz⁸⁰, M. D. Azmi¹⁶, A. Badalà⁵⁷, Y. W. Baek⁴², X. Bai^110,131, R. Bailhache⁷⁰, Y. Bailung⁵¹, R. Bala¹⁰⁴, A. Balbino³¹, A. Baldisseri¹⁴⁰, B. Balis², M. Ball⁴⁴, D. Banerjee⁴, R. Barbera²⁷, L. Barioglio^25,108, M. Barlou⁸⁷, G. G. Barnaföldi¹⁴⁷, L. S. Barnby⁹⁷, V. Barret¹³⁷, C. Bartels¹³⁰, K. Barth³⁵, E. Bartsch⁷⁰, F. Baruffaldi²⁸, N. Bastid¹³⁷, S. Basu⁸³, G. Batigne¹¹⁷, B. Batyunya⁷⁷, D. Bauri⁵⁰, J. L. Bazo Alba¹¹⁴, I. 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Timmins¹²⁷, M. Tkacik¹¹⁹, A. Toia⁷⁰, N. Topilskaya⁶⁵, M. Toppi⁵³, F. Torales-Acosta¹⁹, T. Tork⁸⁰, R. C. Torres⁸², S. R. Torres³⁸, A. Trifiró^33,57, S. Tripathy^55,71, T. Tripathy⁵⁰, S. Trogolo^28,35, G. Trombetta³⁴, V. Trubnikov³, W. H. Trzaska¹²⁸, T. P. Trzcinski¹⁴⁴, B. A. Trzeciak³⁸, A. Tumkin¹¹¹, R. Turrisi⁵⁸, T. S. Tveter²⁰, K. Ullaland²¹, A. Uras¹³⁸, M. Urioni^59,142, G. L. Usai²³, M. Vala³⁹, N. Valle^29,59, S. Vallero⁶¹, N. van der Kolk⁶⁴, L. V. R. van Doremalen⁶⁴, M. van Leeuwen⁹³, P. Vande Vyvre³⁵, D. Varga¹⁴⁷, Z. Varga¹⁴⁷, M. Varga-Kofarago¹⁴⁷, A. Vargas⁴⁶, M. Vasileiou⁸⁷, A. Vasiliev⁹¹, O. Vázquez Doce¹⁰⁸, V. Vechernin¹¹⁵, E. Vercellin²⁵, S. Vergara Limón⁴⁶, L. Vermunt⁶⁴, R. Vértesi¹⁴⁷, M. Verweij⁶⁴, L. Vickovic³⁶, Z. Vilakazi¹³⁴, O. Villalobos Baillie¹¹³, G. Vino⁵⁴, A. Vinogradov⁹¹, T. Virgili³⁰, V. Vislavicius⁹², A. Vodopyanov⁷⁷, B. Volkel³⁵, M. A. Völkl¹⁰⁷, K. Voloshin⁹⁵, S. A. Voloshin¹⁴⁵, G. Volpe³⁴, B. von Haller³⁵, I. Vorobyev¹⁰⁸, D. Voscek¹¹⁹, N. Vozniuk⁶⁵, J. Vrláková³⁹, B. Wagner²¹, C. Wang⁴¹, D. Wang⁴¹, M. Weber¹¹⁶, R. J. G. V. Weelden⁹³, A. Wegrzynek³⁵, S. C. Wenzel³⁵, J. P. Wessels¹⁴⁶, J. Wiechula⁷⁰, J. Wikne²⁰, G. Wilk⁸⁸, J. Wilkinson¹¹⁰, G. A. Willems¹⁴⁶, B. Windelband¹⁰⁷, M. Winn¹⁴⁰, W. E. Witt¹³³, J. R. Wright¹²¹, W. Wu⁴¹, Y. Wu¹³¹, R. Xu⁷, S. Yalcin⁷⁹, Y. Yamaguchi⁴⁷, K. Yamakawa⁴⁷, S. Yang²¹, S. Yano⁴⁷, Z. Yin⁷, H. Yokoyama⁶⁴, I.-K. Yoo¹⁷, J. H. Yoon⁶³, S. Yuan²¹, A. Yuncu¹⁰⁷, V. Zaccolo²⁴, A. Zaman¹⁴, C. Zampolli³⁵, H. J. C. Zanoli⁶⁴, N. Zardoshti³⁵, A. Zarochentsev¹¹⁵, P. Závada⁶⁸, N. Zaviyalov¹¹¹, H. Zbroszczyk¹⁴⁴, M. Zhalov¹⁰¹, S. Zhang⁴¹, X. Zhang⁷, Y. Zhang¹³¹, V. Zherebchevskii¹¹⁵, Y. Zhi¹¹, D. Zhou⁷, Y. Zhou⁹², J. Zhu^7,110, Y. Zhu⁷, A. Zichichi²⁶, G. Zinovjev³, and N. Zurlo^59,142 (ALICE Collaboration)

¹A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
²AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
³Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
⁴Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
⁵Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
⁶California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
⁷Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
⁸Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
⁹Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
¹⁰Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹¹China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
¹²Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
¹³Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovakia
¹⁴COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹⁵Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
¹⁶Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
¹⁷Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
¹⁸Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁹Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
²⁰Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
²¹Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
²²Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ’La Sapienza’and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy
²³Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
²⁴Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
²⁵Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
²⁶Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
²⁷Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
²⁸Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
²⁹Dipartimento di Fisica e Nucleare e Teorica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
³⁰Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università, and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
³¹Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
³²Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
³³Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
³⁴Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’, and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
³⁵European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
³⁶Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
³⁷Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
³⁸Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
³⁹Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
⁴⁰Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁴¹Fudan University, Shanghai, China
⁴²Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
⁴³Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
⁴⁴Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
⁴⁵Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
⁴⁶High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
⁴⁷Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
⁴⁸Hochschule Worms, Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Worms, Germany
⁴⁹Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
⁵⁰Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
⁵¹Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
⁵²Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁵³INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
⁵⁴INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
⁵⁵INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
⁵⁶INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
⁵⁷INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
⁵⁸INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
⁵⁹INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
⁶⁰INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
⁶¹INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
⁶²INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁶³Inha University, Republic of Korea
⁶⁴Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
⁶⁵Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
⁶⁶Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
⁶⁷Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
⁶⁸Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
⁶⁹Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
⁷⁰Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁷¹Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁷²Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
⁷³Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁷⁴iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
⁷⁵Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
⁷⁶Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
⁷⁷Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
⁷⁸Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
⁷⁹KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
⁸⁰Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis, Irène Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie, Orsay, France
⁸¹Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
⁸²Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, USA
⁸³Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
⁸⁴Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
⁸⁵Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
⁸⁶Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan
⁸⁷National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
⁸⁸National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
⁸⁹National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
⁹⁰National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
⁹¹National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
⁹²Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁹³Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁹⁴NRC Kurchatov Institute IHEP, Protvino, Russia
⁹⁵NRC Kurchatov Institute—ITEP, Moscow, Russia
⁹⁶NRNU Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
⁹⁷Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
⁹⁸Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic
⁹⁹Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
¹⁰⁰Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
¹⁰¹Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
¹⁰²Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
¹⁰³Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
¹⁰⁴Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
¹⁰⁵Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
¹⁰⁶Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
¹⁰⁷Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
¹⁰⁸Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
¹⁰⁹Politecnico di Bari, and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
¹¹⁰Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
¹¹¹Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia
¹¹²Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹¹³School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
¹¹⁴Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
¹¹⁵St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
¹¹⁶Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
¹¹⁷SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
¹¹⁸Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
¹¹⁹Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
¹²⁰The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
¹²¹The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
¹²²Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
¹²³Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
¹²⁴Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
¹²⁵Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
¹²⁶University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
¹²⁷University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
¹²⁸University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
¹²⁹University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹³⁰University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
¹³¹University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
¹³²University of South-Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway
¹³³University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹³⁴University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
¹³⁵University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
¹³⁶University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
¹³⁷Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
¹³⁸Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
¹³⁹Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
¹⁴⁰Université Paris-Saclay Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
¹⁴¹Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
¹⁴²Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
¹⁴³Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹⁴⁴Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹⁴⁵Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁴⁶Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
¹⁴⁷Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
¹⁴⁸Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
¹⁴⁹Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy.
^cAlso at Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
^dAlso at M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear, Physics, Moscow, Russia.
^eAlso at Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Poland.

PDF

Phys. Rev. D 105, L011103 – Published 12 January, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.L011103

Abstract

Recent $p_{T}$ -integrated cross-section measurements of the ground-state charm mesons and baryons, $D^{0}$ , $D^{+}$ , $D_{s}^{+}$ , $Λ_{c}^{+}$ , and $Ξ_{c}^{0}$ , are used to evaluate the charm fragmentation fractions and production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity ( $| y | < 0.5$ ), in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV$ at the LHC. The latter is $d σ^{c \bar{c}} / d y |_{| y | < 0.5} = 1165 \pm 44 (stat)_{- 101}^{+ 134} (syst) μ b$ . These measurements were obtained for the first time in hadronic collisions at the LHC, including the charm baryon states, recently measured by ALICE at midrapidity. The charm fragmentation fractions differ significantly from the values measured in $e^{+} e^{-}$ and ep collisions, providing evidence of the dependence of the parton-to-hadron fragmentation fractions on the collision system, indicating that the assumption of their universality is not supported by the measured cross sections. An increase of a factor of about 3.3 for the fragmentation fraction for the $Λ_{c}^{+}$ with a significance of $5 σ$ between the values obtained in pp collisions and those obtained in $e^{+} e^{-}$ (ep) collisions is reported. The fragmentation fraction for the $Ξ_{c}^{0}$ was obtained for the first time in any collision system. The measured fragmentation fractions were used to update the $c \bar{c}$ cross sections per unit of rapidity at $| y | < 0.5$ at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ and 7 TeV, which are about 40% higher than the previously published results. The data were compared with perturbative-QCD calculations and lie at the upper edge of the theoretical bands.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Hadron-hadron interactions

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 105, L011103– Published 12 January, 2022

Vol. 105, Iss. 1 — 1 January 2022

Received 2 August 2021
Accepted 16 December 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.L011103

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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Charm-quark fragmentation fractions and production cross section at midrapidity in pp collisions at the LHC

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