- Letter
- Open Access
Diagnosing collisions in the interior of a wormhole
Phys. Rev. D 104, L021901 – Published 28 July, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.L021901
Abstract
Two distant black holes can be connected in the interior through a wormhole. Such a wormhole has been interpreted as an entangled state shared between two exterior regions. If Alice and Bob send signals into each of the black holes, then they can meet in the interior. In this paper, we interpret this meeting in terms of the quantum circuit that prepares the entangled state: Alice and Bob sending signals creates growing perturbations in the circuit, whose overlap represents their meeting inside the wormhole. We argue that such overlap in the circuit is quantified by a particular six-point correlation function. Therefore, exterior observers in possession of the entangled qubits can use this correlation function to diagnose the collision in the interior without having to jump in themselves.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (30)
- J. M. Maldacena, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1113 (1999); Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998).
- J. M. Maldacena, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2003) 021.
- J. Maldacena and L. Susskind, Fortschr. Phys. 61, 781 (2013).
- D. Marolf and A. C. Wall, Classical Quantum Gravity 30, 025001 (2013).
- T. Hartman and J. Maldacena, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2013) 014.
- L. Susskind, Fortschr. Phys. 64, 49 (2016).
- Y. Zhao, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2021) 144.
- D. Stanford and L. Susskind, Phys. Rev. D 90, 126007 (2014).
The minus sign appears here because the left boundary time is in the opposite direction with the Schwarschild time.
Note that we do not mean Alice and Bob themselves travel backward in time. They merely need to reverse the Hamiltonian acting on the qubits in their lab. This is not only possible but also practical in quantum laboratories [11].
- B. Swingle, G. Bentsen, M. Schleier-Smith, and P. Hayden, Phys. Rev. A 94, 040302 (2016).
- J. B. Kogut and L. Susskind, Phys. Rep. 8, 75 (1973).
- M. Karliner, I. R. Klebanov, and L. Susskind, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 03, 1981 (1988).
- L. Susskind, Phys. Rev. D 49, 6606 (1994).
- D. A. Roberts, D. Stanford, and A. Streicher, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2018) 122.
- X.-L. Qi and A. Streicher, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2019) 012.
- L. Susskind, arXiv:1708.03040.
- L. Susskind, arXiv:1802.01198.
- L. Susskind and Y. Zhao, arXiv:1408.2823.
- F. M. Haehl and Y. Zhao, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2021) 056.
- F. M. Haehl, R. Loganayagam, P. Narayan, and M. Rangamani, SciPost Phys. 6, 001 (2019).
- F. M. Haehl and M. Rozali, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 121601 (2018).
- J. Maldacena, D. Stanford, and Z. Yang, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2016, 12C104 (2016).
- S. H. Shenker and D. Stanford, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2015) 132.
- J. Maldacena, D. Stanford, and Z. Yang, Fortschr. Phys. 65, 1700034 (2017).
- A. Kitaev, A Simple Model of Quantum Holography, http://online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/entangled15/kitaev/, http://online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/entangled15/kitaev2/, in Proceedings at KITP, April 7, 2015 and May 27, 2015.
- J. Maldacena and D. Stanford, Phys. Rev. D 94, 106002 (2016).
- A. Goel, H. T. Lam, G. J. Turiaci, and H. Verlinde, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2019) 156.
The precise form of the reparametrization on contour 4 is not important, as it consists of just a single transformation, under which the Schwarzian action is invariant.
The collision happens near the horizon of the unperturbed black hole, which has a much smaller radius than the new black hole formed in the postcollision region. In other words, the singularity bends downward in the Penrose diagram.