The curvature parameter tension between Planck 2018, cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing, and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data is measured using the suspiciousness statistic to be $2.5–3\sigma$. Conclusions regarding the spatial curvature of the Universe which stem from the combination of these data should therefore be viewed with suspicion. Without CMB lensing or BAO, Planck 2018 has a moderate preference for closed universes, with Bayesian betting odds of over $50:1$ against a flat universe and over $2000:1$ against an open universe.

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• Astrophysical studies of gravity
• Cosmic microwave background
• Cosmological parameters
• Cosmology
• Novae & supernovae