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    Modified gravity constraints with the Planck ISW-lensing bispectrum

    Anton Chudaykin*, Martin Kunz†, and Julien Carron‡

    • Département de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

    • *Contact author: anton.chudaykin@unige.ch
    • †Contact author: martin.kunz@unige.ch
    • ‡Contact author: julien.carron@unige.ch

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 083537 – Published 17 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9zjh-8htv

    Abstract

    We present updated constraints on modified gravity by including the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect from cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing-CMB temperature cross-correlations, based on the latest Planck PR4 maps. Utilizing the effective field theory (EFT) of dark energy approach and adopting the w0waCDM background cosmological model, we find that including the CMB ISW-lensing cross-correlations tightens constraints on the modified gravity parameters by approximately 20%, reducing the viable parameter space by 40–80%. We derive constraints from Planck CMB, Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope CMB lensing, Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release 1 (DR1) BAO, CMB ISW-lensing, and type Ia supernovae data. The constraints on the EFT parameters controlling the kinetic braiding and nonminimal coupling are consistent with general relativity (GR) at the 95% C.L. In particular, we obtain a bound on the kinetic braiding parameter, cB<1.2, at the 95% C.L. In the w0–wa parameter space, our results imply a crossing of the phantom divide, w=−1. The modified gravity model shows a mild preference over ΛCDM at the 1.8σ, 2.6σ, and 3.2σ levels for the combinations with Pantheon+, Union3, and DESY5 supernova datasets. We find that using the latest hillipop+lollipop likelihoods alleviates the departure of modified gravity parameters from the GR values compared to results using Planck 2018 data. This paper underlines the importance of the ISW-lensing probe in constraining late-time modifications of gravity.

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