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Complementary planetary spectroscopy probes of dark matter

Carlos Blanco1,2,3,*, Rebecca K. Leane4,5,†, Marianne Moore6,7,‡, and Joshua Tong4,5,§

  • *Contact author: carlosblanco2718@princeton.edu
  • †Contact author: rleane@slac.stanford.edu
  • ‡Contact author: mamoore@mit.edu
  • §Contact author: joshtong@stanford.edu
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 123063 – Published 25 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9md1-wtnb

Abstract

We investigate dark matter (DM) interactions via spectroscopic signatures of energy injection in planetary environments. We develop a general framework to account for how DM energy injection signals depend on the DM spatial distribution, planetary structure, and DM energy deposition profile. We combine UV airglow data on the Solar System’s gas giants from the Voyager and New Horizons flybys and ionospheric measurements from AMS-02 and ELFIN CubeSat on Earth, with internal heat flow data from Cassini, Voyager, and terrestrial boreholes, to constrain DM-nucleon scattering across both heavy and light mediator scenarios. We show that Earth, gas giants, and ice giants probe complementary DM masses and mediator properties and forecast the reach of a free-floating Super-Jupiter. These results establish planetary spectroscopy as a powerful and versatile probe of the dark sector, complementary to direct detection, cosmology, and collider searches.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Search for Dark Matter Induced Airglow in Planetary Atmospheres

Carlos Blanco, Rebecca K. Leane, Marianne Moore, and Joshua Tong
Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 251001 (2026)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 123063– Published 25 June, 2026
  • Received 19 August 2025
  • Accepted 12 May 2026
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