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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Uncovering the mystery of X(3872) with the coupled-channel dynamics

Jun-Zhang Wang1,2,*, Zi-Yang Lin1,†, Yan-Ke Chen1,‡, Lu Meng3,§, and Shi-Lin Zhu1,∥

  • *Contact author: wangjzh2022@pku.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: lzy_15@pku.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: chenyanke@stu.pku.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: lu.meng@rub.de
  • ∥Contact author: zhusl@pku.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 111, L111502 – Published 25 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/929g-cv15

Abstract

The X(3872), as the first and the most crucial member in the exotic charmoniumlike XYZ family, has been studied for a long time. However, its dynamical origin, whether stemming from a DD¯* hadronic molecule or the first excited P-wave charmonium χc1(2P), remains controversial. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the X(3872) definitely does not result from the mass shift of the higher bare χc1(2P) resonance pole in the coupled-channel dynamics involving a short-distance cc¯ core and the long-distance DD¯* channels. Instead, it originates from either the DD¯* molecular pole or the shadow pole associated with the antiresonance of the P-wave charmonium, depending on the weak or strong coupling mode, respectively. To differentiate these origins and fully exploit the nature of X(3872), we conduct a comprehensive analysis in a couple-channel dynamics framework, including the isospin violation, the three-body DD¯π effect, the dynamical width of D*, and nonopen-charm decays of the bare χc1(2P). Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the coupled-channel dynamics in explaining the disparity between the pole widths of X(3872) and Tcc+, while also predicting a new resonance with JPC=1++ around 4.0 GeV. By matching the newly observed χc1(4010) by the LHCb Collaboration to our predicted resonance, we conclude that the X(3872) most likely originates from the DD¯* pole with a confidence level exceeding 99.7%.

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Phys. Rev. D 111, L111502– Published 25 June, 2025
  • Received 29 June 2024
  • Accepted 6 June 2025
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