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    Dark Energy Survey Year 6 results: Weak lensing and galaxy clustering cosmological analysis framework

    D. Sanchez-Cid1,2,*, A. Ferté3,†, J. Blazek4, S. Samuroff4,5, A. Amon6, F. Andrade-Oliveira1, J. M. Coloma-Nadal7, J. Muir8,9, A. Porredon2,10 et al. (DES Collaboration)

    A. Porredon2,10, J. Prat11, N. Weaverdyck12,13, M. Yamamoto6,14, D. Anbajagane15, M. R. Becker16, P. Carrilho17,18, C. Chang15,19, M. Crocce7,20, G. Giannini7,15, W. d’Assignies5, J. DeRose13, S. Dodelson15,19,21, E. Krause22, E. Legnani5, J. Mena-Fernández23, N. MacCrann24, A. Pourtsidou18,25, C. Preston26, P. Rogozenski22,27, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, R. Rosenfeld28,29, E. Sanchez2, I. Sevilla-Noarbe2, M. Soares-Santos1, C. To19, M. A. Troxel14, M. Tsedrik18,25, B. Yin14, J. Zuntz30, T. M. C. Abbott31, M. Aguena32,33, S. Allam21, O. Alves34, S. Avila2, D. Bacon35, K. Bechtol36, E. Bertin37, S. Bocquet38, D. Brooks39, H. Camacho40, R. Camilleri41, A. Campos42,43, A. Carnero Rosell29,44,45, J. Carretero46, F. J. Castander7,20, R. Cawthon47, A. Choi48, L. N. da Costa33, M. E. da Silva Pereira49, T. M. Davis41, J. De Vicente2, S. Desai50, C. Doux51,52, A. Drlica-Wagner15,19,21, T. F. Eifler22,53, J. Elvin-Poole54, S. Everett55, A. E. Evrard56, B. Flaugher21, P. Fosalba7, J. Frieman15,19,21, J. García-Bellido57, M. Gatti15, E. Gaztanaga7,20,35, P. Giles58, K. Glazebrook59, D. Gruen38, G. Gutierrez21, I. Harrison60, K. Herner21, S. R. Hinton41, D. L. Hollowood61, K. Honscheid62,63, D. Huterer34, B. Jain51, D. J. James64, N. Jeffrey39, T. Kacprzak38,65, K. Kuehn66,67, O. Lahav39, S. Lee68,69, J. L. Marshall70, F. Menanteau71,72, R. Miquel46,73, J. J. Mohr38, J. Myles6, R. C. Nichol74, R. L. C. Ogando75, A. Palmese42, M. Paterno21, W. J. Percival9,54, A. A. Plazas Malagón3,76, M. Raveri77, A. Roodman3,76, C. Sánchez51, T. Schutt3,76,78, E. Sheldon40, N. Sherman79, T. Shin80, M. Smith81, E. Suchyta82, M. E. C. Swanson71, M. Tabbutt36, G. Tarle34, D. Thomas35, D. L. Tucker21, V. Vikram, A. R. Walker31, and B. Yanny21 (DES Collaboration)

    • 1Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
    • 2Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
    • 3SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
    • 4Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    • 5Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
    • 6Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
    • 7Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
    • 8Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
    • 9Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
    • 10Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, German Centre for Cosmological Lensing, 44780 Bochum, Germany
    • 11Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
    • 12Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, US
    • 13Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
    • 14Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
    • 15Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
    • 16Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
    • 17Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
    • 18Institute for Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
    • 19Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
    • 20Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
    • 21Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
    • 22Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
    • 23Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
    • 24Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
    • 25Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
    • 26Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
    • 27McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
    • 28ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
    • 29Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr, 126 Del Castilho, Nova América Offices, Torre 3000/sala 817 CEP: 20765-000, Brazil
    • 30Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
    • 31Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
    • 32INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
    • 33Laborat’orio Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr, 126 Del Castilho, Nova Am’erica Offices, Torre 3000/sala 817 CEP: 20765-000, Brazil
    • 34Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
    • 35Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
    • 36Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
    • 37Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
    • 38University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
    • 39Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
    • 40Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    • 41School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
    • 42Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
    • 43NSF AI Planning Institute for Physics of the Future, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
    • 44Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
    • 45Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
    • 46Institut de F’𝚤sica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
    • 47Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, Georgia 30054, USA
    • 48NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
    • 49Hamburger Sternwarte, Universit”at Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
    • 50Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
    • 51Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    • 52Universit’e Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
    • 53Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
    • 54Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
    • 55California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 249-17, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    • 56Department of Physics and Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan
    • 57Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
    • 58Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
    • 59Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
    • 60School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
    • 61Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
    • 62Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    • 63Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    • 64Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
    • 65University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Bahnhofstrasse 6, 5210 Windisch
    • 66Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
    • 67Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA
    • 68Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
    • 69Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Clippinger Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701
    • 70George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
    • 71Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
    • 72Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
    • 73Instituci’o Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
    • 74School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
    • 75Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, Campinas, SP, Brazil - 13069-901 Observatório Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil - 20921-400
    • 76Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    • 77Department of Physics, University of Genova and INFN, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
    • 78Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    • 79Institute for Astrophysical Research, Department of Astronomy, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
    • 80Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
    • 81Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
    • 82Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831

    • *Contact author: david.sanchezcid@physik.uzh.ch
    • †Contact author: ferte@slac.stanford.edu

    Phys. Rev. D 114, 063506 – Published 3 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8n76-f6ln

    Abstract

    We present the methodology for the weak lensing and galaxy clustering analyses of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 6 dataset. In this work, we design and validate the analysis pipeline for the cosmic shear, galaxy clustering plus galaxy–galaxy lensing (2×2pt), and the joint analysis in the 3×2pt. Our framework accounts for key theoretical uncertainties, such as baryonic feedback and galaxy bias, incorporating both linear and nonlinear models. We apply scale cuts in regimes where theoretical modeling becomes unreliable. The robustness of the pipeline is validated using mock data and simulations, confirming unbiased cosmological constraints and highlighting the importance of posterior projection effects in the validation process. As a result, we deliver robust and validated analysis pipelines for cosmic shear, 2×2pt, and 3×2pt in ΛCDM and wCDM scenarios, including a well-defined set of scales suitable for real data analysis, a robust prescription for theoretical systematics, and the theoretical covariance of the signal. This comprehensive methodology also lays the groundwork for future galaxy surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.

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