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    Strain sensitivity enhancement in a Grover-Michelson interferometer

    Anthony D. Manni1,*, Christopher R. Schwarze1,†, David S. Simon2,1,‡, Abdoulaye Ndao3,§, and Alexander V. Sergienko4,1,∥

    • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
    • 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stonehill College, 320 Washington Street, Easton, Massachusetts 02357, USA
    • 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, Engineers Lane, San Diego, California 92161, USA
    • 4Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA

    • *Contact author: admanni@bu.edu
    • †Contact author: crs2@bu.edu
    • ‡Contact author: simond@bu.edu
    • §Contact author: andao@ucsd.edu
    • ∥Contact author: alexserg@bu.edu
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    Phys. Rev. D 112, 122002 – Published 5 December, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8h71-w8tt

    Abstract

    The Michelson interferometric phase detection resolution can be enhanced by replacing conventional beam splitters with novel directionally unbiased four-port scatterers, such as Grover coins. We present a quantitative analysis of the noise-to-signal ratio of sideband frequencies generated by gravitational-wave-induced phase perturbations in a Grover-Michelson interferometer (GMI). We discuss the principles of GMI signal enhancement and demonstrate how combining this configuration with additional light recycling arrangements further enhances the performance.

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    Phys. Rev. D 112, 122002– Published 5 December, 2025
    • Received 8 July 2025
    • Revised 9 October 2025
    • Accepted 14 November 2025
    Article part of CHORUS
    Accepted manuscript will be available starting 5 December, 2026.
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