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All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

A. G. Abac1, I. Abouelfettouh2, F. Acernese3,4, K. Ackley5, C. Adamcewicz6, S. Adhicary7, D. Adhikari8,9, N. Adhikari10, R. X. Adhikari11 et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA Collaboration)

R. X. Adhikari11, V. K. Adkins12, S. Afroz13, A. Agapito14, D. Agarwal15, M. Agathos16, N. Aggarwal17, S. Aggarwal18, O. D. Aguiar19, I.-L. Ahrend20, L. Aiello21,22, A. Ain23, P. Ajith24, T. Akutsu25,26, S. Albanesi27,28, W. Ali29,30, S. Al-Kershi8,9, C. Alléné31, A. Allocca32,4, S. Al-Shammari33, P. A. Altin34, S. Alvarez-Lopez35, W. Amar31, O. Amarasinghe33, A. Amato36,37, F. Amicucci38,39, C. Amra40, A. Ananyeva11, S. B. Anderson11, W. G. Anderson41, M. Andia42, M. Ando43, M. Andrés-Carcasona44, T. Andrić45,46,8,9, J. Anglin47, S. Ansoldi48,49, J. M. Antelis50, S. Antier42, M. Aoumi51, E. Z. Appavuravther52,53, S. Appert41, S. K. Apple54, K. Arai41, A. Araya43, M. C. Araya41, M. Arca Sedda45,46, J. S. Areeda55, N. Aritomi2, F. Armato29,30, S. Armstrong56, N. Arnaud57, M. Arogeti58, S. M. Aronson12, K. G. Arun59, G. Ashton60, Y. Aso25,61, L. Asprea28, M. Assiduo62,63, S. Assis de Souza Melo64, S. M. Aston65, P. Astone38, F. Attadio39,38, F. Aubin66, K. AultONeal67, G. Avallone68, E. A. Avila50, S. Babak20, C. Badger69, S. Bae70, S. Bagnasco28, L. Baiotti71, R. Bajpai72, T. Baka73,37, A. M. Baker6, K. A. Baker74, T. Baker75, G. Baldi76,77, N. Baldicchi78,52, M. Ball79, G. Ballardin64, S. W. Ballmer80, S. Banagiri6, B. Banerjee45, D. Bankar81, T. M. Baptiste82, P. Baral83, M. Baratti84,85, J. C. Barayoga41, B. C. Barish41, D. Barker86, N. Barman81, P. Barneo87,88,89, F. Barone90,4, B. Barr91, L. Barsotti92, M. Barsuglia20, D. Barta93, A. M. Bartoletti94, M. A. Barton91, I. Bartos95, A. Basalaev8,9, R. Bassiri96, A. Basti85,84, M. Bawaj78,52, P. Baxi97, J. C. Bayley91, A. C. Baylor83, P. A. Baynard, II98, M. Bazzan99,100, V. M. Bedakihale101, F. Beirnaert102, M. Bejger103, D. Belardinelli22, A. S. Bell91, D. S. Bellie104, L. Bellizzi84,85, W. Benoit105, I. Bentara57, J. D. Bentley106, M. Ben Yaala56, S. Bera107,108, F. Bergamin33, B. K. Berger96, S. Bernuzzi27, M. Beroiz41, D. Bersanetti29, T. Bertheas109, A. Bertolini37,36, J. Betzwieser110, D. 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DePergola112, R. De Pietri192,193, R. De Rosa32,4, C. De Rossi64, M. Desai92, R. DeSalvo194, A. DeSimone195, R. De Simone164,145, A. Dhani1, R. Diab95, M. C. Díaz178, M. Di Cesare32,4, G. Dideron196, T. Dietrich1, L. Di Fiore4, C. Di Fronzo74, M. Di Giovanni39,38, T. Di Girolamo32,4, D. Diksha37,36, J. Ding20,197, S. Di Pace39,38, I. Di Palma39,38, D. Di Piero198,49, F. Di Renzo57, Divyajyoti33, A. Dmitriev130, J. P. Docherty91, Z. Doctor104, N. Doerksen182, E. Dohmen86, A. Doke146, A. Domiciano De Souza199, L. D’Onofrio38, F. Donovan92, K. L. Dooley33, T. Dooney73, S. Doravari81, O. Dorosh200, W. J. D. Doyle135, M. Drago39,38, J. C. Driggers86, L. Dunn136, U. Dupletsa45, P.-A. Duverne20, D. D’Urso184,169, P. Dutta Roy95, H. Duval201, S. E. Dwyer86, C. Eassa86, M. Ebersold202,31, T. Eckhardt106, G. Eddolls142, A. Effler110, J. Eichholz34, H. Einsle123, M. Eisenmann25, M. Emma60, K. Endo165, R. Enficiaud1, L. Errico32,4, R. Espinosa178, M. Esposito4,32, R. C. Essick203, H. Estellés1, T. Etzel41, M. Evans92, T. Evstafyeva196, B. E. Ewing131, J. M. Ezquiaga153, F. Fabrizi204,63, V. Fafone21,22, S. Fairhurst33, A. M. Farah143, B. Farr125, W. M. Farr205,206, G. Favaro99, M. Favata207, M. Fays179, M. Fazio56, J. Feicht41, M. M. Fejer96, R. Felicetti198,49, E. Fenyvesi93,208, J. Fernandes209, T. Fernandes210,151, D. Fernando120, S. Ferraiuolo211,39,38, T. A. Ferreira82, F. Fidecaro85,84, P. Figura103, A. Fiori84,85, I. Fiori64, M. Fishbach203, R. P. Fisher135, R. Fittipaldi212,145, V. Fiumara213,145, R. Flaminio31, S. M. Fleischer214, L. S. Fleming215, E. Floden105, H. Fong124, J. A. Font151,152, F. Fontinele-Nunes105, C. Foo1, B. Fornal216, K. Franceschetti192, F. Frappez31, S. Frasca39,38, F. Frasconi84, J. P. Freed217, Z. Frei218, A. Freise37,117, O. Freitas210,151, R. Frey125, W. Frischhertz110, P. Fritschel92, V. V. Frolov110, G. G. Fronzé28, M. Fuentes-Garcia41, S. Fujii219, T. Fujimori220, P. Fulda95, M. Fyffe110, B. Gadre73, J. R. Gair1, S. 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Li104, Z. Li91, A. Lihos135, E. T. Lin155, F. Lin154, L. C.-C. Lin280, Y.-C. Lin155, C. Lindsay215, S. D. Linker194, A. Liu234, G. C. Liu243, Jian Liu74, F. Llamas Villarreal178, J. Llobera-Querol107, R. K. L. Lo153, J.-P. Locquet119, S. C. G. Loggins281, M. R. Loizou146, L. T. London69, A. Longo204,63, D. Lopez179, M. Lopez Portilla73, M. Lorenzini21,22, A. Lorenzo-Medina191, V. Loriette42, M. Lormand110, G. Losurdo282,84, E. Lotti146, T. P. Lott, IV98, J. D. Lough8,9, H. A. Loughlin92, C. O. Lousto120, N. Low136, N. Lu34, L. Lucchesi84, H. Lück9,8, D. Lumaca22, A. P. Lundgren283,284, A. W. Lussier274, R. Macas75, M. MacInnis92, D. M. Macleod33, I. A. O. MacMillan41, A. Macquet42, K. Maeda165, S. Maenaut119, S. S. Magare81, R. M. Magee41, E. Maggio1, R. Maggiore37,117, M. Magnozzi29,30, M. Mahesh106, M. Maini177, S. Majhi81, E. Majorana39,38, C. N. Makarem41, D. Malakar115, J. A. Malaquias-Reis19, U. Mali203, S. Maliakal41, A. Malik113, L. Mallick182,203, A.-K. Malz60, N. Man123, M. Mancarella108, V. Mandic105, V. Mangano184,169, B. Mannix125, G. L. Mansell142, M. Manske83, M. Mantovani64, M. Mapelli99,100,285, C. Marinelli111, F. Marion31, A. S. Markosyan96, A. Markowitz41, E. Maros41, S. Marsat109, F. Martelli204,63, I. W. Martin91, R. M. Martin207, B. B. Martinez144, D. A. Martinez129, M. Martinez44,286, V. Martinez141, A. Martini76,77, J. C. Martins19, D. V. Martynov130, E. J. Marx92, L. Massaro36,37, A. Masserot31, M. Masso-Reid91, S. Mastrogiovanni38, T. Matcovich52, M. Matiushechkina8,9, L. Maurin224, N. Mavalvala92, N. Maxwell86, G. McCarrol110, R. McCarthy86, D. E. McClelland34, S. McCormick110, L. McCuller41, S. McEachin135, C. McElhenny135, G. I. McGhee91, J. McGinn91, K. B. M. McGowan157, J. McIver124, A. McLeod74, I. McMahon202, T. McRae34, R. McTeague91, D. Meacher83, B. N. Meagher142, R. Mechum120, Q. Meijer73, A. Melatos136, C. S. Menoni150, F. Mera86, R. A. Mercer83, L. Mereni189, K. Merfeld176, E. L. Merilh110, J. R. Mérou107, J. D. Merritt125, M. Merzougui123, C. Messick83, B. Mestichelli45, M. Meyer-Conde287, F. Meylahn8,9, A. Mhaske81, A. Miani76,77, H. Miao288, C. Michel189, Y. Michimura43, H. Middleton130, D. P. Mihaylov114,73, S. J. Miller41, M. Millhouse98, E. Milotti198,49, V. Milotti99, Y. Minenkov22, E. M. Minihan217, Ll. M. Mir44, L. Mirasola169,170, M. Miravet-Tenés151, C.-A. Miritescu44, A. Mishra24, C. Mishra116, T. Mishra95, A. L. Mitchell37,117, J. G. Mitchell217, S. Mitra81, V. P. Mitrofanov118, K. Mitsuhashi25, R. Mittleman92, O. Miyakawa51, S. Miyoki51, A. Miyoko217, G. Mo92, L. Mobilia204,63, S. R. P. Mohapatra41, S. R. Mohite131, M. Molina-Ruiz222, M. Mondin194, M. Montani204,63, C. J. Moore239, D. Moraru86, A. More81, S. More81, C. Moreno148, E. A. Moreno92, G. Moreno86, A. Moreso Serra87, S. Morisaki43,219, Y. Moriwaki165, G. Morras223, A. Moscatello99, M. Mould92, B. Mours66, C. M. Mow-Lowry37,117, L. Muccillo190,63, F. Muciaccia39,38, D. Mukherjee130, Samanwaya Mukherjee24, Soma Mukherjee178, Subroto Mukherjee101, Suvodip Mukherjee13, N. Mukund92, A. Mullavey110, H. Mullock124, J. Mundi235, C. L. Mungioli74, M. Murakoshi245, P. G. Murray91, D. Nabari76,77, S. L. Nadji8,9, A. Nagar28,289, N. Nagarajan91, K. Nakagaki51, K. Nakamura25, H. Nakano290, M. Nakano41, D. Nanadoumgar-Lacroze44, D. Nandi82, V. Napolano64, P. Narayan231, I. Nardecchia22, T. Narikawa219, H. Narola73, L. Naticchioni38, R. K. Nayak275, L. Negri73, A. Nela91, C. Nelle125, A. Nelson144, T. J. N. Nelson110, M. Nery8,9, A. Neunzert86, S. Ng129, L. Nguyen Quynh291, S. A. Nichols82, A. B. Nielsen292, Y. Nishino25,43, A. Nishizawa293, S. Nissanke294,37, W. Niu131, F. Nocera64, J. Noller295, M. Norman33, C. North33, J. Novak127,249,296, R. Nowicki157, J. F. Nuño Siles223, L. K. Nuttall75, K. Obayashi245, J. Oberling86, J. O’Dell244, E. Oelker92, M. Oertel249,127,297,296, G. Oganesyan45,46, T. O’Hanlon110, M. Ohashi51, F. Ohme8,9, R. Oliveri127,297,296, R. Omer105, B. O’Neal135, M. Onishi165, K. Oohara298, B. O’Reilly110, M. Orselli52,78, R. O’Shaughnessy120, S. O’Shea91, S. Oshino51, C. Osthelder41, I. Ota82, D. J. Ottaway126, A. Ouzriat57, H. Overmier110, B. J. Owen299, R. Ozaki245, A. E. Pace131, R. Pagano82, M. A. Page25, A. Pai209, L. Paiella45, A. Pal300, S. Pal275, M. A. Palaia84,85, M. Pálfi218, P. P. Palma39,21,22, C. Palomba38, P. Palud20, H. Pan155, J. Pan74, K. C. Pan155, P. K. Panda248, Shiksha Pandey131, Swadha Pandey92, P. T. H. Pang37,73, F. Pannarale39,38, K. A. Pannone129, B. C. Pant113, F. H. Panther74, M. Panzeri204,63, F. Paoletti84, A. Paolone38,301, A. Papadopoulos91, E. E. Papalexakis226, L. Papalini84,85, G. Papigkiotis266, A. Paquis42, A. Parisi78,52, B.-J. Park261, J. Park302, W. Parker110, G. Pascale8,9, D. Pascucci102, A. Pasqualetti64, R. Passaquieti85,84, L. Passenger6, D. Passuello84, O. Patane86, A. V. Patel154, D. Pathak81, A. Patra33, B. Patricelli85,84, B. G. Patterson33, K. Paul116, S. Paul125, E. Payne41, T. Pearce33, M. Pedraza41, A. Pele41, F. E. Peña Arellano303, X. Peng130, Y. Peng98, S. Penn304, M. D. Penuliar129, A. Perego76,77, Z. Pereira146, C. Périgois305,100,99, G. Perna99, A. Perreca76,77,45, J. Perret20, S. Perriès57, J. W. Perry37,117, D. Pesios266, S. Peters179, S. Petracca221, C. Petrillo78, H. P. Pfeiffer1, H. Pham110, K. A. Pham105, K. S. Phukon130, H. Phurailatpam234, M. Piarulli109, L. Piccari39,38, O. J. Piccinni34, M. Pichot123, M. Piendibene85,84, F. Piergiovanni204,63, L. Pierini38, G. Pierra38, V. Pierro306,145, M. Pietrzak103, M. Pillas179, F. Pilo84, L. Pinard189, I. M. Pinto306,145,307,32, M. Pinto64, B. J. Piotrzkowski83, M. Pirello86, M. D. Pitkin239,91, A. Placidi52, E. Placidi39,38, M. L. Planas107, W. Plastino227,22, C. Plunkett92, R. Poggiani85,84, E. Polini92, J. Pomper84,85, L. Pompili1, J. Poon234, E. Porcelli37, E. K. Porter20, C. Posnansky131, R. Poulton64, J. Powell168, G. S. Prabhu81, M. Pracchia179, B. K. Pradhan81, T. Pradier66, A. K. Prajapati101, K. Prasai308, R. Prasanna248, P. Prasia81, G. Pratten130, G. Principe198,49, G. A. Prodi76,77, P. Prosperi84, P. Prosposito21,22, A. C. Providence217, A. Puecher1, J. Pullin82, P. Puppo38, M. Pürrer177, H. Qi16, J. Qin34, G. Quéméner187,127, V. Quetschke178, P. J. Quinonez217, N. Qutob98, R. Rading246, I. Rainho151, S. Raja113, C. Rajan113, B. Rajbhandari120, K. E. Ramirez110, F. A. Ramis Vidal107, M. Ramos Arevalo178, A. Ramos-Buades107,37, S. Ranjan98, K. Ransom110, P. Rapagnani39,38, B. Ratto217, A. Ravichandran146, A. Ray104, V. Raymond33, M. Razzano85,84, J. Read129, T. Regimbau31, S. Reid56, C. Reissel92, D. H. Reitze41, A. I. Renzini139,41, B. Revenu309,42, A. Revilla Peña87, R. Reyes194, L. Ricca15, F. Ricci39,38, M. Ricci38,39, A. Ricciardone85,84, J. Rice142, J. W. Richardson226, M. L. Richardson126, A. Rijal217, K. Riles97, H. K. Riley33, S. Rinaldi285, J. Rittmeyer106, C. Robertson244, F. Robinet42, M. Robinson86, A. Rocchi22, L. Rolland31, J. G. Rollins41, A. E. Romano310, R. Romano3,4, A. Romero31, I. M. Romero-Shaw239, J. H. Romie110, S. Ronchini131, T. J. Roocke126, L. Rosa4,32, T. J. Rosauer226, C. A. Rose98, D. Rosińska137, M. P. Ross311, M. Rossello-Sastre107, S. Rowan91, S. K. Roy205,206, S. Roy15, D. Rozza139,140, P. Ruggi64, N. Ruhama254, E. Ruiz Morales312,223, K. Ruiz-Rocha157, S. Sachdev98, T. Sadecki86, P. Saffarieh37,117, S. Safi-Harb182, M. R. Sah13, S. Saha155, T. Sainrat66, S. Sajith Menon230,39,38, K. Sakai313, Y. Sakai287, M. Sakellariadou69, S. Sakon131, O. S. Salafia172,140,139, F. Salces-Carcoba41, L. Salconi64, M. Saleem161, F. Salemi39,38, M. Sallé37, S. U. Salunkhe81, S. Salvador187,186, A. Salvarese161, A. Samajdar73,37, A. Sanchez86, E. J. Sanchez41, L. E. Sanchez41, N. Sanchis-Gual151, J. R. Sanders195, E. M. Sänger1, F. Santoliquido45,46, F. Sarandrea28, T. R. Saravanan81, N. Sarin6, P. Sarkar8,9, A. Sasli266, P. Sassi52,78, B. Sassolas189, B. S. Sathyaprakash131,33, R. Sato242, S. Sato165, Yukino Sato165, Yu Sato165, O. Sauter95, R. L. Savage86, T. Sawada51, H. L. Sawant81, S. Sayah189, V. Scacco21,22, D. Schaetzl41, M. Scheel162, A. Schiebelbein203, M. G. Schiworski142, P. Schmidt130, S. Schmidt73, R. Schnabel106, M. Schneewind8,9, R. M. S. Schofield125, K. Schouteden119, B. W. Schulte8,9, B. F. Schutz33,8,9, E. Schwartz314, M. Scialpi315, J. Scott91, S. M. Scott34, R. M. Sedas110, T. C. Seetharamu91, M. Seglar-Arroyo44, Y. Sekiguchi316, D. Sellers110, N. Sembo220, A. S. Sengupta317, E. G. Seo91, J. W. Seo119, V. Sequino32,4, M. Serra38, A. Sevrin201, T. Shaffer86, U. S. Shah98, M. A. Shaikh276, L. Shao318, A. K. Sharma107, Preeti Sharma82, Prianka Sharma113, Ritwik Sharma105, S. Sharma Chaudhary115, P. Shawhan138, N. S. Shcheblanov319,278, E. Sheridan157, Z.-H. Shi155, M. Shikauchi43, R. Shimomura320, H. Shinkai320, S. Shirke81, D. H. Shoemaker92, D. M. Shoemaker161, R. W. Short86, S. ShyamSundar113, A. Sider171, H. Siegel205,206, D. Sigg86, L. Silenzi36,37, L. Silvestri39,183, M. Simmonds126, L. P. Singer321, Amitesh Singh231, Anika Singh41, D. Singh222, N. Singh107, S. Singh232,61, A. M. Sintes107, V. Sipala184,169, V. Skliris33, B. J. J. Slagmolen34, D. A. Slater214, T. J. Slaven-Blair74, J. Smetana130, J. R. Smith129, L. Smith91,198,49, R. J. E. Smith6, W. J. Smith157, S. Soares de Albuquerque Filho204, M. Soares-Santos202, K. Somiya232, I. Song155, S. Soni92, V. Sordini57, F. Sorrentino29, H. Sotani322, F. Spada84, V. Spagnuolo37, A. P. Spencer91, P. Spinicelli64, A. K. Srivastava101, F. Stachurski91, C. J. Stark135, D. A. Steer323, N. Steinle182, J. Steinlechner36,37, S. Steinlechner36,37, N. Stergioulas266, P. Stevens42, M. StPierre177, M. D. Strong82, A. Strunk86, A. L. Stuver112,†, M. Suchenek103, S. Sudhagar103, Y. Sudo245, N. Sueltmann106, L. Suleiman129, K. D. Sullivan82, J. Sun256, L. Sun34, S. Sunil101, J. Suresh123, B. J. Sutton69, P. J. Sutton33, K. Suzuki232, M. Suzuki219, B. L. Swinkels37, A. Syx127, M. J. Szczepańczyk324, P. Szewczyk137, M. Tacca37, H. Tagoshi219, K. Takada219, H. Takahashi287, R. Takahashi25, A. Takamori43, S. Takano325, H. Takeda326,327, K. Takeshita232, I. Takimoto Schmiegelow45,46, M. Takou-Ayaoh142, C. Talbot143, M. Tamaki219, N. Tamanini109, D. Tanabe154, K. Tanaka51, S. J. Tanaka245, S. Tanioka33, D. B. Tanner95, W. Tanner8,9, L. Tao226, R. D. Tapia131, E. N. Tapia San Martín37, C. Taranto21,22, A. Taruya328, J. D. Tasson166, J. G. Tau120, D. Tellez129, R. Tenorio107, H. Themann194, A. Theodoropoulos151, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam81, L. M. Thomas41, M. Thomas110, P. Thomas86, J. E. Thompson225, S. R. Thondapu113, K. A. Thorne110, E. Thrane6, J. Tissino45,46, A. Tiwari81, Pawan Tiwari45, Praveer Tiwari209, S. Tiwari202, V. Tiwari130, M. R. Todd142, M. Toffano99, A. M. Toivonen105, K. Toland91, A. E. Tolley75, T. Tomaru25, V. Tommasini41, T. Tomura51, H. Tong6, C. Tong-Yu154, A. Torres-Forné151,152, C. I. Torrie41, I. Tosta e Melo329, E. Tournefier31, M. Trad Nery123, K. Tran135, A. Trapananti53,52, R. Travaglini181, F. Travasso53,52, G. Traylor110, M. Trevor138, M. C. Tringali64, A. Tripathee97, G. Troian198,49, A. Trovato198,49, L. Trozzo4, R. J. Trudeau41, T. Tsang33, S. Tsuchida330, L. Tsukada228, K. Turbang201,23, M. Turconi123, C. Turski102, H. Ubach87,88, N. Uchikata219, T. Uchiyama51, R. P. Udall41, T. Uehara331, K. Ueno43, V. Undheim292, L. E. Uronen234, T. Ushiba51, M. Vacatello84,85, H. Vahlbruch8,9, N. Vaidya41, G. Vajente41, A. Vajpeyi6, J. Valencia107, M. Valentini117,37, S. A. Vallejo-Peña310, S. Vallero28, V. Valsan83, M. van Dael37,332, E. Van den Bossche201, J. F. J. van den Brand36,117,37, C. Van Den Broeck73,37, M. van der Sluys37,73, A. Van de Walle42, J. van Dongen37,117, K. Vandra112, M. VanDyke132, H. van Haevermaet23, J. V. van Heijningen37,117, P. Van Hove66, J. Vanier274, M. VanKeuren114, J. Vanosky86, N. van Remortel23, M. Vardaro36,37, A. F. Vargas136, V. Varma146, A. N. Vazquez96, A. Vecchio130, G. Vedovato100, J. Veitch91, P. J. Veitch126, S. Venikoudis15, R. C. Venterea105, P. Verdier57, M. Vereecken15, D. Verkindt31, B. Verma146, Y. Verma113, S. M. Vermeulen41, F. Vetrano204, A. Veutro38,39, A. Viceré204,63, S. Vidyant142, A. D. Viets333, A. Vijaykumar203, A. Vilkha120, N. Villanueva Espinosa151, V. Villa-Ortega191, E. T. Vincent98, J.-Y. Vinet123, S. Viret57, S. Vitale92, H. Vocca78,52, D. Voigt106, E. R. G. von Reis86, J. S. A. von Wrangel8,9, W. E. Vossius246, L. Vujeva153, S. P. Vyatchanin118, J. Wack41, L. E. Wade114, M. Wade114, K. J. Wagner120, L. Wallace41, E. J. Wang96, H. Wang232, J. Z. Wang97, W. H. Wang178, Y. F. Wang1, G. Waratkar209, J. Warner86, M. Was31, T. Washimi25, N. Y. Washington41, D. Watarai43, B. Weaver86, S. A. Webster91, N. L. Weickhardt106, M. Weinert8,9, A. J. Weinstein41, R. Weiss92, L. Wen74, K. Wette34, J. T. Whelan120, B. F. Whiting95, C. Whittle41, E. G. Wickens75, D. Wilken8,9, A. T. Wilkin226, B. M. Williams132, D. Williams91, M. J. Williams75, N. S. Williams1, J. L. Willis41, B. Willke9,8, M. Wils119, L. Wilson114, C. W. Winborn115, J. Winterflood74, C. C. Wipf41, G. Woan91, J. Woehler36,37, N. E. Wolfe92, H. T. Wong154, I. C. F. Wong234,119, K. Wong203, T. Wouters73,37, J. L. Wright86, M. Wright91,73, B. Wu142, C. Wu155, D. S. Wu8,9, H. Wu155, K. Wu132, Q. Wu311, Y. Wu104, Z. Wu109, E. Wuchner129, D. M. Wysocki83, V. A. Xu222, Y. Xu107, N. Yadav28, H. Yamamoto41, K. Yamamoto165, T. S. Yamamoto43, T. Yamamoto51, R. Yamazaki245, T. Yan130, K. Z. Yang105, Y. Yang159, Z. Yarbrough82, J. Yebana107, S.-W. Yeh155, A. B. Yelikar157, X. Yin92, J. Yokoyama334,43, T. Yokozawa51, S. Yuan74, H. Yuzurihara51, M. Zanolin217, M. Zeeshan120, T. Zelenova64, J.-P. Zendri100, M. Zeoli15, M. Zerrad40, M. Zevin104, L. Zhang41, N. Zhang98, R. Zhang163, T. Zhang130, C. Zhao74, Yue Zhao175, Yuhang Zhao20, Z.-C. Zhao335, Y. Zheng115, H. Zhong105, H. Zhou142, H. O. Zhu74, Z.-H. Zhu335,336, L. Zimmermann57, M. E. Zucker92,41, and J. Zweizig41 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA Collaboration)

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
  • 2LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
  • 3Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
  • 4INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 5University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
  • 6OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
  • 7The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
  • 8Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 9Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 10University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
  • 11LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 12Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
  • 13Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
  • 14Centre de Physique Théorique, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
  • 15Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • 16Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
  • 17University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
  • 18University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
  • 19Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 20Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
  • 21Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
  • 22INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
  • 23Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
  • 24International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
  • 25Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 26Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 27Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
  • 28INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
  • 29INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
  • 30Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
  • 31Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
  • 32Università di Napoli “Federico II,” I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 33Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
  • 34OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
  • 35LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 36Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
  • 37Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 38INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 39Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 40Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
  • 41LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 42Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
  • 43University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
  • 44Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 45Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
  • 46INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
  • 47University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
  • 48Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Informatiche e Fisiche, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
  • 49INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
  • 50Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
  • 51Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
  • 52INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
  • 53Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
  • 54University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
  • 55California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
  • 56SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
  • 57Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
  • 58Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
  • 59Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
  • 60Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
  • 61Astronomical course, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 62Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
  • 63INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
  • 64European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
  • 65LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
  • 66Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
  • 67Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
  • 68Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
  • 69King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
  • 70Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
  • 71International College, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
  • 72Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
  • 73Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
  • 74OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
  • 75University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
  • 76Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
  • 77INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
  • 78Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
  • 79University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
  • 80Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
  • 81Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
  • 82Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
  • 83University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
  • 84INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
  • 85Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
  • 86LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
  • 87Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 88Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 89Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, c. Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
  • 90Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana,” Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
  • 91IGR, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
  • 92LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 93HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
  • 94Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
  • 95University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
  • 96Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 97University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 98Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
  • 99Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
  • 100INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
  • 101Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
  • 102Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
  • 103Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
  • 104Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
  • 105University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
  • 106Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
  • 107IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
  • 108Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France
  • 109Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse (L2IT-IN2P3), F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
  • 110LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
  • 111Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, I-53100 Siena, Italy
  • 112Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
  • 113RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
  • 114Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
  • 115Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
  • 116Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
  • 117Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 118Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
  • 119Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
  • 120Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
  • 121Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
  • 122Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
  • 123Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
  • 124University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
  • 125University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
  • 126OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
  • 127Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
  • 128Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON—UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
  • 129California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
  • 130University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
  • 131The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
  • 132Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
  • 133Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
  • 134Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
  • 135Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 136OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
  • 137Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
  • 138University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
  • 139Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
  • 140INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
  • 141Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
  • 142Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
  • 143University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 144University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
  • 145INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 146University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA
  • 147Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, 2100 København, Denmark
  • 148Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
  • 149Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali di Roma, 00133 Roma, Italy
  • 150Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
  • 151Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
  • 152Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
  • 153Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Kóbenhavn, Denmark
  • 154National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
  • 155National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
  • 156OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
  • 157Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
  • 158University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Bejing 100049, China
  • 159Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 Univ. Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • 160Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
  • 161University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
  • 162CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 163Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
  • 164Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
  • 165Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
  • 166Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
  • 167University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
  • 168OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria 3122, Australia
  • 169INFN Cagliari, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
  • 170Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Università 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
  • 171Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
  • 172INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
  • 173Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
  • 174Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
  • 175The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
  • 176Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
  • 177University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
  • 178The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
  • 179Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
  • 180DIFA- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33–40126 Bologna, Italy
  • 181Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare—Sezione di Bologna, viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2–40127 Bologna, Italy
  • 182University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
  • 183INFN-CNAF—Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 6/2, 40127 Bologna BO, Italy
  • 184Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
  • 185INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
  • 186Université de Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
  • 187Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen, 6 boulevard du maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
  • 188The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
  • 189Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
  • 190Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
  • 191IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  • 192Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
  • 193INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
  • 194California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
  • 195Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
  • 196Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
  • 197Corps des Mines, Mines Paris, Université PSL, 60 Bd Saint-Michel, 75272 Paris, France
  • 198Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
  • 199Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Lagrange, F-06304 Nice, France
  • 200National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
  • 201Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
  • 202University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
  • 203Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
  • 204Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
  • 205Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
  • 206Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
  • 207Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
  • 208HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
  • 209Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
  • 210Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto, Universidade do Minho, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal
  • 211Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
  • 212CNR-SPIN, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
  • 213Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
  • 214Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
  • 215SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
  • 216Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida 33168, USA
  • 217Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
  • 218Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
  • 219Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
  • 220Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
  • 221University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
  • 222University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
  • 223Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
  • 224Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans, UMR CNRS 6613, F-72085 Le Mans, France
  • 225University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
  • 226University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
  • 227Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Elettronica e Meccanica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
  • 228University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
  • 229University of Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
  • 230Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, Ari’el, Israel
  • 231The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
  • 232Graduate School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
  • 233Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 128 Section II, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
  • 234The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
  • 235American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
  • 236Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
  • 237INFN, sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
  • 238Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
  • 239University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
  • 240University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
  • 241College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
  • 242Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
  • 243Department of Physics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
  • 244Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
  • 245Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
  • 246Helmut Schmidt University, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
  • 247Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
  • 248Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
  • 249Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, 11 Rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
  • 250Faculty of Physics, University of Białystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
  • 251National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
  • 252School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
  • 253Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
  • 254Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
  • 255Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
  • 256Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
  • 257University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
  • 258Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 9GH2+3V5, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
  • 259Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
  • 260National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
  • 261Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
  • 262Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, 9 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • 263Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
  • 264Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 265Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
  • 266Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
  • 267Bard College, Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504, USA
  • 268Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
  • 269Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
  • 270Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Cracow, Poland
  • 271Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8-35151 Padova, Italy
  • 272Sezione di Padova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via Marzolo, 8-35131 Padova, Italy
  • 273Department of Physics, Nagoya University, ES building, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
  • 274Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
  • 275Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
  • 276Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
  • 277Department of Computer Simulation, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Republic of Korea
  • 278NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
  • 279Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 280Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
  • 281St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida 33054, USA
  • 282Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
  • 283Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
  • 284Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
  • 285Institut fuer Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum fuer Astronomie Heidelberg, Universitaet Heidelberg, Albert Ueberle Straße 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
  • 286Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
  • 287Research Center for Space Science, Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, 3-3-1 Ushikubo-Nishi, Tsuzuki-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 224-8551, Japan
  • 288Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 289Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, F-91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
  • 290Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, 67 Fukakusa Tsukamoto-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
  • 291Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 292University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
  • 293Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
  • 294GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 295University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
  • 296Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
  • 297Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
  • 298Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
  • 299University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
  • 300CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
  • 301Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 302Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
  • 303Department of Physics, University of Guadalajara, Avenida Revolucion 1500, Colonia Olimpica C.P. 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
  • 304Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
  • 305INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
  • 306Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
  • 307Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi,” I-00184 Roma, Italy
  • 308Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
  • 309Subatech, CNRS/IN2P3—IMT Atlantique—Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP 20722 44307 Nantes CÉDEX 03, France
  • 310Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
  • 311University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
  • 312Departamento de Física—ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
  • 313Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
  • 314Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
  • 315Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
  • 316Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
  • 317Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
  • 318Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
  • 319Laboratoire MSME, Cité Descartes, 5 Boulevard Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
  • 320Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 1-79-1 Kitayama, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
  • 321NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
  • 322Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
  • 323Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, (CNRS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité), F-75005 Paris, France
  • 324Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ludwika Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
  • 325Laser Interferometry and Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Callinstrasse 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 326The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
  • 327Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • 328Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • 329University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95123 Catania CT, Italy
  • 330National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Geshi-cho, Sabae-shi, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
  • 331Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
  • 332Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
  • 333Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
  • 334Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), WPI, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
  • 335Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
  • 336School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 299, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China

  • *Full author list given at the end of the article.
  • †Deceased, September 2024.

Phys. Rev. D 113, 082004 – Published 27 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/83j3-pgk1

Abstract

We present an all-sky search for long-duration gravitational waves (GWs) from the first part of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run (O4), called O4a and comprising data taken between May 24, 2023, and January 16, 2024. The GW signals targeted by this search are the so-called “long-duration” (≳1  s) transients expected from a variety of astrophysical processes, including nonaxisymmetric deformations in magnetars or eccentric binary coalescences. We make minimal assumptions on the emitted GW waveforms in terms of morphologies and durations. Overall, our search targets signals with durations of ∼1–1000  s and frequency content in the range 16–2048 Hz. In the absence of significant detections, we report the sensitivity limits of our search in terms of root-sum-square signal amplitude (hrss) of reference waveforms. These limits improve upon the results from the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run (O3) by about 30% on average. Moreover, this analysis demonstrates substantial progress in our ability to search for long-duration GW signals owing to enhancements in pipeline detection efficiencies. As detector sensitivities continue to advance and observational runs grow longer, unmodeled long-duration searches will increasingly be able to explore a range of compelling astrophysical scenarios involving neutron stars and black holes.

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See Also

All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

A. G. Abac et al. (The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. D 112, 102005 (2025)

Article Text

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