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    Do DESI-DR2 BAO data imply a coupling of dark matter and dark energy?

    Weiqiang Yang1,*, Sibo Zhang1,†, Dinorah Barbosa2,‡, Marco Antonio Alvarez2,§, Supriya Pan3,4,∥, and Leila Graef2,¶

    • *Contact author: d11102004@163.com
    • †Contact author: sbzhang02@163.com
    • ‡Contact author: dinorahbarbosaft@gmail.com
    • §Contact author: marcocardoso@id.uff.br
    • ∥Contact author: supriya.maths@presiuniv.ac.in
    • Contact author: leilagraef@id.uff.br

    Phys. Rev. D 114, 063549 – Published 28 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6kdf-vzq4

    Abstract

    We revisit an interacting dark matter (DM)-dark energy (DE) model characterized by the interaction function Q=Γρx, where Γ is a constant coupling parameter and ρx is the energy density of DE. This type of interaction is independent of the Hubble rate or other external parameters, but depends only on the fundamental properties of DE, such as its equation of state (EoS), wx. We pay special attention to wx and study three distinct interacting scenarios distinguished by the nature of wx, i.e., wx=−1 (when DE corresponds to the vacuum energy), wx<−1 (when DE has a phantom behavior), and wx>−1 (quintessential DE). We constrain all of them using the most recent cosmological datasets, including CMB from Planck 2018, BAO from DESI DR2, and three compilations of SNIa (PantheonPlus, Union3, and DES-Dovekie). Our analyses reveal that evidence of interaction is supported in scenarios with wx=−1 and wx<−1 when all three datasets are combined, but from the Bayesian evidence analysis, ΛCDM remains favored over these interacting scenarios. Regarding the S8 parameter, when wx>−1, this interacting scenario leads to mildly lower estimates across all datasets.

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