The threshold of black hole formation in axisymmetric vacuum gravity is proving to be more complicated than had been anticipated, but, following recent advances, a consensus between independent codes and methods is emerging. Building on earlier work, we provide further details of a comparison between three independent numerical codes (the bamps, prague, and sphgr codes), paying special attention to the relative strengths and weaknesses of each and examining various features of near-threshold collapse of vacuum gravitational waves for the first time. In particular, we observe quasiuniversal strong-field features appearing in curvature scalars. Focusing on geometric features on the symmetry axis, we construct reference coordinates to aid the comparison of strong-field data. We evolve, for the first time, time-asymmetric wave initial data within the bamps code. To the extent possible with current methods, we compare apparent horizons and attempt to determine what causes difficulties in the classification of these strong-field and highly dynamical spacetimes. In all cases the results from the three codes agree very well.

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• Classical black holes
• Gravitational waves
• Singularities In general relativity
• Numerical relativity