Charged Abelian Higgs phase transitions in three-dimensional compact lattice U(1) gauge models with multicharge scalar matter
Phys. Rev. D 114, 034510 – Published 13 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/62vm-y7x7
Abstract
We consider three-dimensional (3D) lattice Abelian Higgs (AH) models, with compact U(1) gauge variables coupled to a doubly charged -component complex scalar field (CLAH). We focus on their phase transitions between the disordered-confined (DC) and ordered-deconfined (OD) phases. When they are continuous, they are expected to belong to the 3D AH universality class associated with the stable charged fixed point (CFP) of the renormalization-group flow of the 3D AH field theory (AHFT), or scalar electrodynamics, describing -component complex scalar fields minimally coupled to a U(1) gauge field. This CFP exists only for a sufficiently large number of components, i.e., , where the integer depends on the spatial dimension (for example ). To estimate , we look for the minimum number of scalar components of 3D doubly charged CLAH models developing continuous transitions along their DC-OD transition line. For this purpose, we present finite-size scaling analyses of Monte Carlo simulations for , up to lattice sizes . The results provide evidence of continuous DC-OD transitions for , and weak first-order transitions for . They are not conclusive for , 9. Therefore, we estimate , which also provides an estimate of under the reasonable hypothesis that the DC-OD transitions are within the attraction domain of the CFP of the 3D AHFT for any .