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    Interacting dark energy after DESI DR2: A challenge for the ΛCDM paradigm?

    Supriya Pan1,2,*, Sivasish Paul1,†, Emmanuel N. Saridakis3,4,5,‡, and Weiqiang Yang6,§

    • *Contact author: supriya.maths@presiuniv.ac.in
    • †Contact author: sivasishpaul@gmail.com
    • ‡Contact author: msaridak@noa.gr
    • §Contact author: d11102004@163.com

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 023515 – Published 9 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5y21-k39n

    Abstract

    We investigate the scenario of interacting dark energy through a detailed confrontation with various observational datasets. We quantify the interaction in a general way, through the deviation from the standard scaling of the dark matter energy density. We use the cosmic microwave background data from Planck 2018, data from baryon acoustic oscillations from the recently released Data Release 2 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, observational Hubble data from cosmic chronometers, and finally various Supernova Type Ia datasets (PantheonPlus, Union3, and DESY5). For the basic and simplest interacting model we find a mild preference of the interaction at slightly more than 1σ however still within 2σ, and thus no strong evidence of interaction is found. However, comparison with the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) scenario through Δχmin2, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian analysis, reveals a mixed picture, namely according to Δχmin2 the interaction is mildly favored by most of the datasets, while the remaining statistical measures are inclined toward ΛCDM.

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