Identifying new observational probes to constrain cosmological parameters has become an important goal in modern cosmology. In this work, we explore the potential of the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD), compiled over the redshift range $z\in [0,15]$, as a complementary probe of fundamental parameters, including ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{\mathrm{m}}$, $H_0$, and the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, $w$. Within the $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$ framework, SFRD combined with big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) data alone yields $H_0=65\pm 11\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$, reflecting significant degeneracies with astrophysical parameters. By jointly analyzing SFRD with recent BAO and Type Ia supernova (SNIa) data, these degeneracies are effectively broken, resulting in much tighter constraints; e.g., SFRD + BBN + DESI-DR2 gives $H_0=68.28\pm 0.18\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$. We perform a statistical reconstruction of the SFRD as a function of redshift, finding a peak at $z_{\mathrm{peak}}=2.600_{-0.087}^{+0.114}$ within $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$. We perform additional tests and find that the inferred value depends on the adopted SFRD parametrization. Our results demonstrate that combining SFRD with established cosmological probes not only improves constraints on cosmological parameters but also reduces uncertainties in astrophysical parameters governing star formation. We further extend the analysis to the $w\mathrm{CDM}$ model, highlighting the promise of SFRD as a robust complementary cosmological probe across different dark energy scenarios.

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• Cosmological parameters
• Dark energy
• Formation & evolution of stars & galaxies