Open Access

Measurement of the $W$ -boson production cross sections in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ in the forward region

R. Aaij ³⁸, M. Abdelfatah⁶⁹, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb ⁵⁷, C. Abellan Beteta ⁵¹, F. Abudinén ⁵⁹, T. Ackernley ⁶¹, A. A. Adefisoye ⁶⁹, B. Adeva ⁴⁷, M. Adinolfi ⁵⁵ et al. (LHCb Collaboration)

M. Adinolfi ⁵⁵, P. Adlarson ⁸⁷, C. Agapopoulou ¹⁴, C. A. Aidala ⁸⁹, Z. Ajaltouni¹¹, S. Akar ¹¹, K. Akiba ³⁸, P. Albicocco ²⁸, J. Albrecht ^19,b, R. Aleksiejunas ⁸¹, F. Alessio ⁴⁹, P. Alvarez Cartelle ^56,47, R. Amalric ¹⁶, S. Amato ³, J. L. Amey ⁵⁵, Y. Amhis ¹⁴, L. An ⁶, L. Anderlini ²⁷, M. Andersson ⁵¹, P. Andreola ⁵¹, M. Andreotti ²⁶, S. Andres Estrada ⁴⁴, A. Anelli ^31,c, D. Ao ⁷, C. Arata ¹², F. Archilli ³⁷, Z. Areg ⁶⁹, M. Argenton ²⁶, S. Arguedas Cuendis ^9,49, L. Arnone ^31,c, M. Artuso ⁶⁹, E. Aslanides ¹³, R. Ataíde Da Silva ⁵⁰, M. Atzeni ⁶⁵, B. Audurier ¹², J. A. Authier ¹⁵, D. Bacher ⁶⁴, I. Bachiller Perea ⁵⁰, S. Bachmann ²², M. Bachmayer ⁵⁰, J. J. Back ⁵⁷, Z. B. Bai ⁸, P. Baladron Rodriguez ⁴⁷, V. Balagura ¹⁵, A. Balboni ²⁶, W. Baldini ²⁶, Z. Baldwin ⁷⁹, L. Balzani ¹⁹, H. Bao ⁷, J. Baptista de Souza Leite ², C. Barbero Pretel ^47,12, M. Barbetti ²⁷, I. R. Barbosa ⁷⁰, R. J. Barlow ^63,a, M. Barnyakov ²⁵, S. Barsuk ¹⁴, W. Barter ⁵⁹, J. Bartz ⁶⁹, S. Bashir ⁴⁰, B. Batsukh ⁸², P. B. Battista ¹⁴, A. Bavarchee ⁸⁰, A. Bay ⁵⁰, A. Beck ⁶⁵, M. Becker ¹⁹, F. Bedeschi ³⁵, I. B. Bediaga ², N. A. Behling ¹⁹, S. Belin ⁴⁷, A. Bellavista ²⁵, I. Belov ²⁹, I. Belyaev ³⁶, G. Benane ¹³, G. Bencivenni ²⁸, E. Ben-Haim ¹⁶, R. Bernet ⁵¹, A. Bertolin ³³, F. Betti ⁵⁹, J. Bex ⁵⁶, O. Bezshyyko ⁸⁸, S. Bhattacharya ⁸⁰, M. S. Bieker ¹⁸, N. V. Biesuz ²⁶, A. Biolchini ³⁸, M. Birch ⁶², F. C. R. Bishop ¹⁰, A. Bitadze ⁶³, A. Bizzeti ^27,d, T. Blake ^57,e, F. Blanc ⁵⁰, J. E. Blank ¹⁹, S. Blusk ⁶⁹, J. A. Boelhauve ¹⁹, O. Boente Garcia ⁴⁹, T. Boettcher ⁹⁰, A. Bohare ⁵⁹, C. Bolognani ¹⁹, R. Bolzonella ^26,f, R. B. Bonacci ¹, A. Bordelius ⁴⁹, F. Borgato ^33,49, S. Borghi ⁶³, M. Borsato ^31,c, J. T. Borsuk ⁸⁶, E. Bottalico ⁶¹, S. A. Bouchiba ⁵⁰, M. Bovill ⁶⁴, T. J. V. Bowcock ⁶¹, A. Boyer ⁴⁹, C. Bozzi ²⁶, J. D. Brandenburg ⁹¹, A. Brea Rodriguez ⁵⁰, N. Breer ¹⁹, C. Breitfeld ¹⁹, J. Brodzicka ⁴¹, J. Brown ⁶¹, D. Brundu ³², E. Buchanan ⁵⁹, M. Burgos Marcos ⁸⁴, C. Burr ⁴⁹, C. Buti ²⁷, J. S. Butter ⁵⁶, J. Buytaert ⁴⁹, W. Byczynski ⁴⁹, S. Cadeddu ³², H. Cai ⁷⁵, Y. Cai ⁵, A. Caillet ¹⁶, R. Calabrese ^26,f, L. Calefice ⁴⁵, M. Calvi ^31,c, M. Calvo Gomez ⁴⁶, P. Camargo Magalhaes ^2,g, J. I. Cambon Bouzas ⁴⁷, P. Campana ²⁸, A. C. Campos ³, A. F. Campoverde Quezada ⁷, Y. Cao⁶, S. Capelli ^31,c, M. Caporale ²⁵, L. Capriotti ²⁶, R. Caravaca-Mora ⁹, A. Carbone ^25,h, L. Carcedo Salgado ⁴⁷, R. Cardinale ^29,i, A. Cardini ³², P. Carniti ³¹, L. Carus ²², A. Casais Vidal ⁶⁵, R. Caspary ²², G. Casse ⁶¹, M. Cattaneo ⁴⁹, G. Cavallero ²⁶, V. Cavallini ^26,f, S. Celani ⁴⁹, I. Celestino ^35,j, S. Cesare ^49,k, A. J. Chadwick ⁶¹, I. Chahrour ⁸⁹, M. Charles ¹⁶, Ph. Charpentier ⁴⁹, E. Chatzianagnostou ³⁸, R. Cheaib ⁸⁰, M. Chefdeville ¹⁰, C. Chen ⁵⁷, J. Chen ⁵⁰, S. Chen ⁵, Z. Chen ⁷, A. Chen Hu ⁶², M. Cherif ¹², A. Chernov ⁴¹, S. Chernyshenko ⁵³, X. Chiotopoulos ⁸⁴, G. Chizhik ¹, V. Chobanova ⁴⁴, M. Chrzaszcz ⁴¹, V. Chulikov ^28,49,36, P. Ciambrone ²⁸, X. Cid Vidal ⁴⁷, G. Ciezarek ⁴⁹, P. Cifra ⁴⁹, P. E. L. Clarke ⁵⁹, M. Clemencic ⁴⁹, H. V. Cliff ⁵⁶, J. Closier ⁴⁹, C. Cocha Toapaxi ²², V. Coco ⁴⁹, J. Cogan ¹³, E. Cogneras ¹¹, L. Cojocariu ⁴³, S. Collaviti ⁵⁰, P. Collins ⁴⁹, T. Colombo ⁴⁹, M. Colonna ¹⁹, A. Comerma-Montells ⁴⁵, L. Congedo ²⁴, J. Connaughton ⁵⁷, A. Contu ³², N. Cooke ⁶⁰, G. Cordova ^35,j, C. Coronel ⁶⁶, I. Corredoira ¹², A. Correia ¹⁶, G. Corti ⁴⁹, G. C. Costantino ⁶¹, J. Cottee Meldrum ⁵⁵, B. Couturier ⁴⁹, D. C. Craik ⁵¹, N. Crepet ¹⁴, M. Cruz Torres ^2,l, M. Cubero Campos ⁹, E. Curras Rivera ⁵⁰, R. Currie ⁵⁹, C. L. Da Silva ⁶⁸, X. Dai ⁴, E. Dall’Occo ⁴⁹, J. Dalseno ⁴⁴, C. D’Ambrosio ⁶², J. Daniel ¹¹, G. Darze ³, A. Davidson ⁵⁷, J. E. Davies ⁶³, O. De Aguiar Francisco ⁶³, C. De Angelis ^32,m, F. De Benedetti ⁴⁹, J. de Boer ³⁸, K. De Bruyn ⁸³, S. De Capua ⁶³, M. De Cian ⁶³, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca ², E. De Lucia ²⁸, J. M. De Miranda ², L. De Paula ³, M. De Serio ^24,n, P. De Simone ²⁸, F. De Vellis ¹⁹, J. A. de Vries ⁸⁴, F. Debernardis ²⁴, D. Decamp ¹⁰, S. Dekkers ¹, L. Del Buono ¹⁶, B. Delaney ⁶⁵, J. Deng ⁸, V. Denysenko ⁵¹, O. Deschamps ¹¹, F. Dettori ^32,m, B. Dey ⁸⁰, P. Di Nezza ²⁸, S. Ding ⁶⁹, Y. Ding ⁵⁰, L. Dittmann ²², A. D. Docheva ⁶⁰, A. Doheny ⁵⁷, C. Dong ^4,o, F. Dordei ³², A. C. dos Reis ², A. D. Dowling ⁶⁹, L. Dreyfus ¹³, W. Duan ⁷³, P. Duda ⁸⁶, L. Dufour ⁵⁰, V. Duk ³⁴, P. Durante ⁴⁹, M. M. Duras ⁸⁶, J. M. Durham ⁶⁸, O. D. Durmus ⁸⁰, A. Dziurda ⁴¹, S. Easo ⁵⁸, E. Eckstein ¹⁸, U. Egede ¹, S. Eisenhardt ⁵⁹, E. Ejopu ⁶¹, L. Eklund ⁸⁷, M. Elashri ⁶⁶, D. Elizondo Blanco ⁹, J. Ellbracht ¹⁹, S. Ely ⁶², A. Ene ⁴³, J. Eschle ⁶⁹, T. Evans ³⁸, F. Fabiano ¹⁴, S. Faghih ⁶⁶, L. N. Falcao ^31,c, B. Fang ⁷, R. Fantechi ³⁵, L. Fantini ^34,p, M. Faria ⁵⁰, K. Farmer ⁵⁹, F. Fassin ^83,38, D. Fazzini ^31,c, L. Felkowski ⁸⁶, C. Feng⁶, M. Feng ^5,7, A. Fernandez Casani ⁴⁸, M. Fernandez Gomez ⁴⁷, A. D. Fernez ⁶⁷, F. Ferrari ^25,h, F. Ferreira Rodrigues ³, M. Ferrillo ⁵¹, M. Ferro-Luzzi ⁴⁹, R. A. Fini ²⁴, M. Fiorini ^26,f, M. Firlej ⁴⁰, K. L. Fischer ⁶⁴, D. S. Fitzgerald ⁸⁹, C. Fitzpatrick ⁶³, T. Fiutowski ⁴⁰, F. Fleuret ¹⁵, A. Fomin ⁵², M. Fontana ^25,49, L. A. Foreman ⁶³, R. Forty ⁴⁹, D. Foulds-Holt ⁵⁹, V. Franco Lima ³, M. Franco Sevilla ⁶⁷, M. Frank ⁴⁹, E. Franzoso ^26,f, G. Frau ⁶³, C. Frei ⁴⁹, D. A. Friday ^63,49, J. Fu ⁷, Q. Führing ^19,56,b, T. Fulghesu ¹³, G. Galati ^24,n, M. D. Galati ³⁸, A. Gallas Torreira ⁴⁷, D. Galli ^25,h, S. Gambetta ⁵⁹, M. Gandelman ³, P. Gandini ³⁰, B. Ganie ⁶³, H. Gao ⁷, R. Gao ⁶⁴, T. Q. Gao ⁵⁶, Y. Gao ⁸, Y. Gao ⁶, Y. Gao ⁸, L. M. Garcia Martin ⁵⁰, P. Garcia Moreno ⁴⁵, J. García Pardiñas ⁶⁵, P. Gardner ⁶⁷, L. Garrido ⁴⁵, C. Gaspar ⁴⁹, A. Gavrikov ³³, L. L. Gerken ¹⁹, E. Gersabeck ²⁰, M. Gersabeck ²⁰, T. Gershon ⁵⁷, S. Ghizzo ^29,i, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam ⁵⁵, F. I. Giasemis ^16,q, V. Gibson ⁵⁶, H. K. Giemza ⁴², A. L. Gilman ⁶⁶, M. Giovannetti ²⁸, A. Gioventù ⁴⁷, L. Girardey ^63,58, M. A. Giza ⁴¹, F. C. Glaser ^22,14, V. V. Gligorov ¹⁶, C. Göbel ⁷⁰, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko ⁸⁸, E. Golobardes ⁴⁶, A. Golutvin ^62,49, S. Gomez Fernandez ⁴⁵, W. Gomulka ⁴⁰, F. Goncalves Abrantes ⁶⁴, I. Gonçales Vaz ⁴⁹, M. Goncerz ⁴¹, G. Gong ^4,o, J. A. Gooding ¹⁹, C. Gotti ³¹, E. Govorkova ⁶⁵, J. P. Grabowski ³⁰, L. A. Granado Cardoso ⁴⁹, E. Graugés ⁴⁵, E. Graverini ^35,50,r, L. Grazette ⁵⁷, G. Graziani ²⁷, A. T. Grecu ⁴³, N. A. Grieser ⁶⁶, L. Grillo ⁶⁰, C. Gu ¹⁵, M. Guarise ²⁶, L. Guerry ¹¹, A.-K. Guseinov ⁵⁰, Y. Guz ⁶, T. Gys ⁴⁹, K. Habermann ¹⁸, T. Hadavizadeh ¹, C. Hadjivasiliou ⁶⁷, G. Haefeli ⁵⁰, C. Haen ⁴⁹, S. Haken ⁵⁶, G. Hallett ⁵⁷, P. M. Hamilton ⁶⁷, Q. Han ³³, X. Han ^22,49, S. Hansmann-Menzemer ²², N. Harnew ⁶⁴, T. J. Harris ¹, M. Hartmann ¹⁴, S. Hashmi ⁴⁰, J. He ^7,s, N. Heatley ¹⁴, A. Hedes ⁶³, F. Hemmer ⁴⁹, C. Henderson ⁶⁶, R. Henderson ¹⁴, R. D. L. Henderson ¹, A. M. Hennequin ⁴⁹, K. Hennessy ⁶¹, J. Herd ⁶², P. Herrero Gascon ²², J. Heuel ¹⁷, A. Heyn ¹³, A. Hicheur ³, G. Hijano Mendizabal ⁵¹, J. Horswill ⁶³, R. Hou ⁸, Y. Hou ¹¹, D. C. Houston ⁶⁰, N. Howarth ⁶¹, W. Hu ^7,s, X. Hu ⁴, W. Hulsbergen ³⁸, R. J. Hunter ⁵⁷, D. Hutchcroft ⁶¹, M. Idzik ⁴⁰, P. Ilten ⁶⁶, A. Iohner ¹⁰, H. Jage ¹⁷, S. J. Jaimes Elles ^77,48,49, S. Jakobsen ⁴⁹, T. Jakoubek ⁷⁸, E. Jans ³⁸, A. Jawahery ⁶⁷, C. Jayaweera ⁵⁴, A. Jelavic ¹, V. Jevtic ¹⁹, Z. Jia ¹⁶, E. Jiang ⁶⁷, X. Jiang ^5,7, Y. Jiang ⁷, Y. J. Jiang ⁶, E. Jimenez Moya ⁹, N. Jindal ⁹¹, M. John ⁶⁴, A. John Rubesh Rajan ²³, D. Johnson ⁵⁴, C. R. Jones ⁵⁶, S. Joshi ⁴², B. Jost ⁴⁹, J. Juan Castella ⁵⁶, N. Jurik ⁴⁹, I. Juszczak ⁴¹, K. Kalecinska⁴⁰, D. Kaminaris ⁵⁰, S. Kandybei ⁵², M. Kane ⁵⁹, Y. Kang ^4,o, C. Kar ¹¹, M. Karacson ⁴⁹, A. Kauniskangas ⁵⁰, J. W. Kautz ⁶⁶, M. K. Kazanecki ⁴¹, F. Keizer ⁴⁹, M. Kenzie ⁵⁶, T. Ketel ³⁸, B. Khanji ⁶⁹, S. Kholodenko ^62,49, G. Khreich ¹⁴, F. Kiraz¹⁴, T. Kirn ¹⁷, V. S. Kirsebom ^31,c, S. Klaver ³⁹, N. Kleijne ^35,j, A. Kleimenova ⁵⁰, D. K. Klekots ⁸⁸, K. Klimaszewski ⁴², M. R. Kmiec ⁴², T. Knospe ¹⁹, R. Kolb ²², S. Koliiev ⁵³, L. Kolk ¹⁹, A. Konoplyannikov ⁶, P. Kopciewicz ⁴⁹, P. Koppenburg ³⁸, A. Korchin ⁵², I. Kostiuk ³⁸, O. Kot ⁵³, S. Kotriakhova , E. Kowalczyk ⁶⁷, O. Kravcov ⁸¹, M. Kreps ⁵⁷, W. Krupa ⁴⁹, W. Krzemien ⁴², O. Kshyvanskyi ⁵³, S. Kubis ⁸⁶, M. Kucharczyk ⁴¹, A. Kupsc ⁸⁷, V. Kushnir ⁵², B. Kutsenko ¹³, J. Kvapil ⁶⁸, I. Kyryllin ⁵², D. Lacarrere ⁴⁹, P. Laguarta Gonzalez ⁴⁵, A. Lai ³², A. Lampis ³², D. Lancierini ⁶², C. Landesa Gomez ⁴⁷, J. J. Lane ¹, G. Lanfranchi ²⁸, C. Langenbruch ²², J. Langer ¹⁹, T. Latham ⁵⁷, F. Lazzari ^35,r, C. Lazzeroni ⁵⁴, R. Le Gac ¹³, H. Lee ⁶¹, R. Lefèvre ¹¹, M. Lehuraux ⁵⁷, E. Lemos Cid ⁴⁹, O. Leroy ¹³, T. Lesiak ⁴¹, E. D. Lesser ⁴⁹, B. Leverington ²², A. Li ^4,o, C. Li ⁴, C. Li ¹³, H. Li ⁷³, J. Li ⁸, K. Li ⁷⁶, L. Li ⁶³, P. Li ⁷, P.-R. Li ⁷⁴, Q. Li ^5,7, T. Li ⁷², T. Li ⁷³, Y. Li ⁸, Y. Li ⁵, Y. Li ⁴, Z. Lian ^4,o, Q. Liang⁸, X. Liang ⁶⁹, Z. Liang ³², S. Libralon ⁴⁸, A. Lightbody ¹², C. Lin ⁷, T. Lin ⁵⁸, R. Lindner ⁴⁹, H. Linton ⁶², R. Litvinov ⁶⁶, D. Liu ⁸, F. L. Liu ¹, G. Liu ⁷³, K. Liu ⁷⁴, S. Liu ⁵, W. Liu ⁸, Y. Liu ⁵⁹, Y. Liu ⁷⁴, Y. L. Liu ⁶², G. Loachamin Ordonez ⁷⁰, I. Lobo ¹, A. Lobo Salvia ¹⁰, A. Loi ³², T. Long ⁵⁶, F. C. L. Lopes ^2,g, J. H. Lopes ³, A. Lopez Huertas ⁴⁵, C. Lopez Iribarnegaray ⁴⁷, Q. Lu ¹⁵, C. Lucarelli ⁴⁹, D. Lucchesi ^33,t, M. Lucio Martinez ⁴⁸, Y. Luo ⁶, A. Lupato ^33,u, M. Lupberger ²⁰, E. Luppi ^26,f, K. Lynch ²³, S. Lyu⁶, X.-R. Lyu ⁷, H. Ma ⁷², S. Maccolini ⁴⁹, F. Machefert ¹⁴, F. Maciuc ⁴³, B. Mack ⁶⁹, I. Mackay ⁶⁴, L. M. Mackey ⁶⁹, L. R. Madhan Mohan ⁵⁶, M. J. Madurai ⁵⁴, D. Magdalinski ³⁸, J. J. Malczewski ⁴¹, S. Malde ⁶⁴, L. Malentacca ⁴⁹, G. Manca ^32,m, G. Mancinelli ¹³, C. Mancuso ¹⁴, R. Manera Escalero ⁴⁵, A. Mangalasseri ⁸⁰, F. M. Manganella ³⁷, D. Manuzzi ²⁵, D. Marangotto ^30,k, J. F. Marchand ¹⁰, R. Marchevski ⁵⁰, U. Marconi ²⁵, E. Mariani ¹⁶, S. Mariani ⁴⁹, C. Marin Benito ⁴⁵, J. Marks ²², A. M. Marshall ⁵⁵, L. Martel ⁶⁴, G. Martelli ³⁴, G. Martellotti ³⁶, L. Martinazzoli ⁴⁹, M. Martinelli ^31,c, D. Martinez Gomez ⁸³, D. Martinez Santos ⁴⁴, F. Martinez Vidal ⁴⁸, A. Martorell i Granollers ⁴⁶, A. Massafferri ², R. Matev ⁴⁹, A. Mathad ⁴⁹, C. Matteuzzi ⁶⁹, K. R. Mattioli ¹⁵, A. Mauri ⁶², E. Maurice ¹⁵, J. Mauricio ⁴⁵, P. Mayencourt ⁵⁰, J. Mazorra de Cos ⁴⁸, M. Mazurek ⁴², D. Mazzanti Tarancon ⁴⁵, M. McCann ⁶², N. T. McHugh ⁶⁰, A. McNab ⁶³, R. McNulty ²³, B. Meadows ⁶⁶, D. Melnychuk ⁴², D. Mendoza Granada ¹⁶, P. Menendez Valdes Perez ⁴⁷, F. M. Meng ^4,o, M. Merk ^38,84, A. Merli ^50,30, L. Meyer Garcia ⁶⁷, D. Miao ^5,7, H. Miao ⁷, M. Mikhasenko ⁷⁹, D. A. Milanes ⁸⁵, A. Minotti ^31,c, E. Minucci ²⁸, B. Mitreska ⁶³, D. S. Mitzel ¹⁹, R. Mocanu ⁴³, A. Modak ⁵⁸, L. Moeser ¹⁹, R. D. Moise ¹⁷, E. F. Molina Cardenas ⁸⁹, T. Mombächer ⁴⁷, M. Monk ⁵⁶, T. Monnard ⁵⁰, S. Monteil ¹¹, A. Morcillo Gomez ⁴⁷, G. Morello ²⁸, M. J. Morello ^35,j, M. P. Morgenthaler ²², A. Moro ^31,c, J. Moron ⁴⁰, W. Morren ³⁸, A. B. Morris ^81,49, A. G. Morris ¹³, R. Mountain ⁶⁹, Z. Mu ⁶, E. Muhammad ⁵⁷, F. Muheim ⁵⁹, M. Mulder ¹⁹, K. Müller ⁵¹, F. Muñoz-Rojas ⁹, V. Mytrochenko ⁵², P. Naik ⁶¹, T. Nakada ⁵⁰, R. Nandakumar ⁵⁸, G. Napoletano ⁵⁰, I. Nasteva ³, M. Needham ⁵⁹, N. Neri ^30,k, S. Neubert ¹⁸, N. Neufeld ⁴⁹, J. Nicolini ⁴⁹, D. Nicotra ⁸⁴, E. M. Niel ¹⁵, L. Nisi ¹⁹, Q. Niu ⁷⁴, B. K. Njoki ⁴⁹, P. Nogarolli ³, P. Nogga ¹⁸, C. Normand ⁴⁷, J. Novoa Fernandez ⁴⁷, G. Nowak ⁶⁶, C. Nunez ⁸⁹, H. N. Nur ⁶⁰, A. Oblakowska-Mucha ⁴⁰, T. Oeser ¹⁷, O. Okhrimenko ⁵³, R. Oldeman ^32,m, F. Oliva ^59,49, E. Olivart Pino ⁴⁵, M. Olocco ¹⁹, R. H. O’Neil ⁴⁹, J. S. Ordonez Soto ¹¹, D. Osthues ¹⁹, J. M. Otalora Goicochea ³, P. Owen ⁵¹, A. Oyanguren ⁴⁸, O. Ozcelik ⁴⁹, F. Paciolla ^35,v, A. Padee ⁴², K. O. Padeken ¹⁸, B. Pagare ⁴⁷, T. Pajero ⁴⁹, A. Palano ²⁴, L. Palini ³⁰, M. Palutan ²⁸, C. Pan ⁷⁵, X. Pan ^4,o, S. Panebianco ¹², S. Paniskaki ^49,33, L. Paolucci ⁶³, A. Papanestis ⁵⁸, M. Pappagallo ^24,n, L. L. Pappalardo ²⁶, C. Pappenheimer ⁶⁶, C. Parkes ⁶³, D. Parmar ⁷⁹, G. Passaleva ²⁷, D. Passaro ^35,j, A. Pastore ²⁴, M. Patel ⁶², J. Patoc ⁶⁴, C. Patrignani ^25,h, A. Paul ⁶⁹, C. J. Pawley ⁸⁴, A. Pellegrino ³⁸, J. Peng ^5,7, X. Peng⁷⁴, M. Pepe Altarelli ²⁸, S. Perazzini ²⁵, H. Pereira Da Costa ⁶⁸, M. Pereira Martinez ⁴⁷, A. Pereiro Castro ⁴⁷, C. Perez ⁴⁶, P. Perret ¹¹, A. Perrevoort ⁸³, A. Perro ⁴⁹, M. J. Peters ⁶⁶, K. Petridis ⁵⁵, A. Petrolini ^29,i, S. Pezzulo ^29,i, J. P. Pfaller ⁶⁶, H. Pham ⁶⁹, L. Pica ^35,j, M. Piccini ³⁴, L. Piccolo ³², B. Pietrzyk ¹⁰, R. N. Pilato ⁶¹, D. Pinci ³⁶, F. Pisani ⁴⁹, M. Pizzichemi ^31,49,c, V. M. Placinta ⁴³, M. Plo Casasus ⁴⁷, T. Poeschl ⁴⁹, F. Polci ¹⁶, M. Poli Lener ²⁸, A. Poluektov ¹³, I. Polyakov ⁶³, E. Polycarpo ³, S. Ponce ⁴⁹, D. Popov ^7,49, K. Popp ¹⁹, K. Prasanth ⁵⁹, C. Prouve ⁴⁴, D. Provenzano ^32,49,m, V. Pugatch ⁵³, A. Puicercus Gomez ⁴⁹, G. Punzi ^35,r, J. R. Pybus ⁶⁸, Q. Qian ⁶, W. Qian ⁷, N. Qin ^4,o, R. Quagliani ⁴⁹, R. I. Rabadan Trejo ⁵⁷, R. Racz ⁸¹, J. H. Rademacker ⁵⁵, M. Rama ³⁵, M. Ramírez García ⁸⁹, V. Ramos De Oliveira ⁷⁰, M. Ramos Pernas ⁴⁹, M. S. Rangel ³, G. Raven ³⁹, M. Rebollo De Miguel ⁴⁸, F. Redi ^30,u, J. Reich ⁵⁵, F. Reiss ²⁰, Z. Ren ⁷, P. K. Resmi ⁶⁴, M. Ribalda Galvez ⁴⁵, R. Ribatti ⁵⁰, G. Ricart ¹², D. Riccardi ^35,j, S. Ricciardi ⁵⁸, K. Richardson ⁶⁵, M. Richardson-Slipper ⁵⁶, F. Riehn ¹⁹, K. Rinnert ⁶¹, P. Robbe ^14,49, G. Robertson ⁶⁰, E. Rodrigues ⁶¹, A. Rodriguez Alvarez ⁴⁵, E. Rodriguez Fernandez ⁴⁷, J. A. Rodriguez Lopez ⁷⁷, E. Rodriguez Rodriguez ⁴⁹, J. Roensch ¹⁹, A. Rogovskiy ⁵⁸, D. L. Rolf ¹⁹, P. Roloff ⁴⁹, V. Romanovskiy ⁶⁶, A. Romero Vidal ⁴⁷, G. Romolini ^26,49, F. Ronchetti ⁵⁰, T. Rong ⁶, M. Rotondo ²⁸, M. S. Rudolph ⁶⁹, M. Ruiz Diaz ²², R. A. Ruiz Fernandez ⁴⁷, J. Ruiz Vidal ⁸⁴, J. J. Saavedra-Arias ⁹, J. J. Saborido Silva ⁴⁷, S. E. R. Sacha Emile R.⁴⁹, D. Sahoo ⁸⁰, N. Sahoo ⁵⁴, B. Saitta ³², M. Salomoni ^31,49,c, I. Sanderswood ⁴⁸, R. Santacesaria ³⁶, C. Santamarina Rios ⁴⁷, M. Santimaria ²⁸, L. Santoro ², E. Santovetti ³⁷, A. Saputi ^26,49, A. Sarnatskiy ⁸³, G. Sarpis ⁴⁹, M. Sarpis ⁸¹, C. Satriano ³⁶, A. Satta ³⁷, M. Saur ⁷⁴, H. Sazak ¹⁷, F. Sborzacchi ^49,28, A. Scarabotto ¹⁹, S. Schael ¹⁷, S. Scherl ⁶¹, M. Schiller ²², H. Schindler ⁴⁹, M. Schmelling ²¹, B. Schmidt ⁴⁹, N. Schmidt ⁶⁸, S. Schmitt ⁶⁵, H. Schmitz¹⁸, O. Schneider ⁵⁰, A. Schopper ⁶², N. Schulte ¹⁹, M. H. Schune ¹⁴, G. Schwering ¹⁷, B. Sciascia ²⁸, A. Sciuccati ⁴⁹, G. Scriven ⁸⁴, I. Segal ⁷⁹, S. Sellam ⁴⁷, T. Senger ⁵¹, M. Senghi Soares ³⁹, A. Sergi ^29,i, N. Serra ⁵¹, L. Sestini ²⁷, B. Sevilla Sanjuan ⁴⁶, Y. Shang ⁶, D. M. Shangase ⁸⁹, R. S. Sharma ⁶⁹, L. Shchutska ⁵⁰, T. Shears ⁶¹, J. Shen⁶, Z. Shen ³⁸, S. Sheng ⁵⁰, B. Shi ⁷, J. Shi ⁵⁶, Q. Shi ⁷, W. S. Shi ⁷³, E. Shmanin ²⁵, R. Silva Coutinho ², G. Simi ^33,t, S. Simone ^24,n, M. Singha ⁸⁰, I. Siral ⁵⁰, N. Skidmore ⁵⁷, T. Skwarnicki ⁶⁹, M. W. Slater ⁵⁴, E. Smith ⁶⁵, M. Smith ⁶², L. Soares Lavra ⁵⁹, M. D. Sokoloff ⁶⁶, F. J. P. Soler ⁶⁰, A. Solomin ⁵⁵, K. Solovieva ²⁰, N. S. Sommerfeld ¹⁸, R. Song ¹, Y. Song ⁵⁰, Y. Song ^4,o, Y. S. Song ⁶, F. L. Souza De Almeida ⁴⁵, B. Souza De Paula ³, K. M. Sowa ⁴⁰, E. Spadaro Norella ^29,i, E. Spedicato ²⁵, J. G. Speer ¹⁹, P. Spradlin ⁶⁰, F. Stagni ⁴⁹, M. Stahl ⁷⁹, S. Stahl ⁴⁹, S. Stanislaus ⁶⁴, M. Stefaniak ⁹¹, O. Steinkamp ⁵¹, Y. Su ⁷, F. Suljik ⁶⁴, J. Sun ³², J. Sun ⁶³, L. Sun ⁷⁵, D. Sundfeld ², W. Sutcliffe ⁵¹, P. Svihra ⁷⁸, V. Svintozelskyi ⁴⁸, K. Swientek ⁴⁰, F. Swystun ⁵⁶, A. Szabelski ⁴², T. Szumlak ⁴⁰, Y. Tan ⁴, Y. Tang ⁷⁵, Y. T. Tang ⁷, M. D. Tat ²², J. A. Teijeiro Jimenez ⁴⁷, F. Terzuoli ^35,v, F. Teubert ⁴⁹, E. Thomas ⁴⁹, D. J. D. Thompson ⁵⁴, A. R. Thomson-Strong ⁵⁹, H. Tilquin ⁶², V. Tisserand ¹¹, S. T’Jampens ¹⁰, M. Tobin ^5,49, T. T. Todorov ²⁰, L. Tomassetti ^26,f, G. Tonani ³⁰, X. Tong ⁶, T. Tork ³⁰, L. Toscano ¹⁹, D. Y. Tou ^4,o, C. Trippl ⁴⁶, G. Tuci ²², N. Tuning ³⁸, L. H. Uecker ²², A. Ukleja ⁴⁰, D. J. Unverzagt ²², A. Upadhyay ⁴⁹, B. Urbach ⁵⁹, A. Usachov ³⁸, U. Uwer ²², V. Vagnoni ^25,49, A. Vaitkevicius ⁸¹, V. Valcarce Cadenas ⁴⁷, G. Valenti ²⁵, N. Valls Canudas ⁴⁹, J. van Eldik ⁴⁹, H. Van Hecke ⁶⁸, E. van Herwijnen ⁶², C. B. Van Hulse ^47,w, R. Van Laak ⁵⁰, M. van Veghel ⁸⁴, G. Vasquez ⁵¹, R. Vazquez Gomez ⁴⁵, P. Vazquez Regueiro ⁴⁷, C. Vázquez Sierra ⁴⁴, S. Vecchi ²⁶, J. Velilla Serna ⁴⁸, J. J. Velthuis ⁵⁵, M. Veltri ^27,x, A. Venkateswaran ⁵⁰, M. Verdoglia ³², M. Vesterinen ⁵⁷, W. Vetens ⁶⁹, D. Vico Benet ⁶⁴, P. Vidrier Villalba ⁴⁵, M. Vieites Diaz ⁴⁷, X. Vilasis-Cardona ⁴⁶, E. Vilella Figueras ⁶¹, A. Villa ⁵⁰, P. Vincent ¹⁶, B. Vivacqua ³, F. C. Volle ⁵⁴, D. vom Bruch ¹³, K. Vos ⁸⁴, C. Vrahas ⁵⁹, J. Wagner ¹⁹, J. Walsh ³⁵, N. Walter⁴⁹, E. J. Walton ¹, G. Wan ⁶, A. Wang ⁷, B. Wang ⁵, C. Wang ²², G. Wang ⁸, H. Wang ⁷⁴, J. Wang ⁷, J. Wang ⁵, J. Wang ^4,o, J. Wang ⁷⁵, M. Wang ⁴⁹, N. W. Wang ⁷, R. Wang ⁵⁵, X. Wang ⁸, X. Wang ⁷³, X. W. Wang ⁶², Y. Wang ⁷⁶, Y. Wang ⁶, Y. H. Wang ⁷⁴, Z. Wang ¹⁴, Z. Wang ³⁰, J. A. Ward ^57,1, M. Waterlaat ⁴⁹, N. K. Watson ⁵⁴, D. Websdale ⁶², Y. Wei ⁶, Z. Weida ⁷, J. Wendel ⁴⁴, B. D. C. Westhenry ⁵⁵, C. White ⁵⁶, M. Whitehead ⁶⁰, E. Whiter ⁵⁴, A. R. Wiederhold ⁶³, D. Wiedner ¹⁹, M. A. Wiegertjes ³⁸, C. Wild ⁶⁴, G. Wilkinson ^64,49, M. K. Wilkinson ⁶⁶, M. Williams ⁶⁵, M. J. Williams ⁴⁹, M. R. J. Williams ⁵⁹, R. Williams ⁵⁶, S. Williams ⁵⁵, Z. Williams ⁵⁵, F. F. Wilson ⁵⁸, M. Winn ¹², W. Wislicki ⁴², M. Witek ⁴¹, L. Witola ¹⁹, T. Wolf ²², E. Wood ⁵⁶, G. Wormser ¹⁴, S. A. Wotton ⁵⁶, H. Wu ⁶⁹, J. Wu ⁸, X. Wu ⁷⁵, Y. Wu ^6,56, Z. Wu ⁷, K. Wyllie ⁴⁹, S. Xian ⁷³, Z. Xiang ⁵, Y. Xie ⁸, T. X. Xing ³⁰, A. Xu ^35,j, L. Xu ^4,o, M. Xu ⁴⁹, R. Xu⁸⁹, Z. Xu ⁴⁹, Z. Xu ⁷, Z. Xu ⁵, S. Yadav ²⁶, K. Yang ⁶², X. Yang ⁶, Y. Yang ⁷, Y. Yang ⁸⁰, Z. Yang ⁶, Z. Yang ⁴, H. Yeung ⁶³, H. Yin ⁸, X. Yin ⁷, C. Y. Yu ⁶, J. Yu ⁷², X. Yuan ⁵, Y Yuan^5,7, J. A. Zamora Saa ⁷¹, M. Zavertyaev ²¹, M. Zdybal ⁴¹, F. Zenesini ²⁵, C. Zeng ^5,7, M. Zeng ^4,o, S. H Zeng⁵⁵, C. Zhang ⁶, D. Zhang ⁸, J. Zhang ⁷, L. Zhang ^4,o, R. Zhang ⁸, S. Zhang ⁶⁴, S. L. Zhang ⁷², Y. Zhang ⁶, Z. Zhang ^4,o, Y. Zhao ²², A. Zhelezov ²², S. Z. Zheng ⁶, X. Z. Zheng ^4,o, Y. Zheng ⁷, T. Zhou ⁶, X. Zhou ⁸, V. Zhovkovska ⁵⁷, L. Z. Zhu ⁵⁹, X. Zhu ^4,o, X. Zhu ⁸, Y. Zhu ¹⁷, V. Zhukov ¹⁷, J. Zhuo ⁴⁸, D. Zuliani ^33,t, and G. Zunica ²⁸ (LHCb Collaboration)

¹School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
²Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
³Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁴Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
⁵Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
⁶School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
⁷University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
⁸Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
⁹Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CONARE), San Jose, Costa Rica
¹⁰Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
¹¹Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
¹²Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
¹³Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
¹⁴Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
¹⁵Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
¹⁶Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
¹⁷I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
¹⁸Universität Bonn—Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany
¹⁹Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
²⁰Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
²¹Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
²²Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
²³School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
²⁴INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
²⁵INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
²⁶INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
²⁷INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
²⁸INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
²⁹INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
³⁰INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
³¹INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
³²INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
³³INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
³⁴INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
³⁵INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
³⁶INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
³⁷INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
³⁸Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
³⁹Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁴⁰AGH—University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
⁴¹Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
⁴²National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
⁴³Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
⁴⁴Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
⁴⁵ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
⁴⁶La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
⁴⁷Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
⁴⁸Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia—CSIC, Valencia, Spain
⁴⁹European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
⁵⁰Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
⁵¹Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
⁵²NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
⁵³Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
⁵⁴School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
⁵⁵H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
⁵⁶Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
⁵⁷Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
⁵⁸STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
⁵⁹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
⁶⁰School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
⁶¹Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⁶²Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
⁶³Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
⁶⁴Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⁶⁵Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
⁶⁶University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
⁶⁷University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
⁶⁸Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
⁶⁹Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
⁷⁰Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
⁷¹Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (associated with Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland)
⁷²School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
⁷³State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
⁷⁴Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (associated with Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China)
⁷⁵School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
⁷⁶Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China (associated with Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
⁷⁷Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
⁷⁸Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (associated with Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom)
⁷⁹Ruhr Universitaet Bochum, Fakultaet f. Physik und Astronomie, Bochum, Germany (associated with Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany)
⁸⁰Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary (associated with European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland)
⁸¹Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany)
⁸²Institute of Physics and Technology, Ulan Bator, Mongolia (associated with Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China)
⁸³Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
⁸⁴Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
⁸⁵Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC), Lima, Peru (associated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA)
⁸⁶Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland (associated with Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland)
⁸⁷Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (associated with School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom)
⁸⁸Taras Schevchenko University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine (associated with Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France)
⁸⁹University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
⁹⁰Indiana University, Bloomington, USA (associated with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA)
⁹¹Ohio State University, Columbus, USA (associated with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA)

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Dortmund, Germany.
^cAlso at Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
^dAlso at Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
^eAlso at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
^fAlso at Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
^gAlso at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
^hAlso at Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
ⁱAlso at Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.
^jAlso at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
^kAlso at Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
^lAlso at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
^mAlso at Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
ⁿAlso at Università di Bari, Bari, Italy.
^oAlso at Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
^pAlso at Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
^qAlso at LIP6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
^rAlso at Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
^sAlso at Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China.
^tAlso at Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
^uAlso at Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
^vAlso at Università di Siena, Siena, Italy.
^wAlso at Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
^xAlso at Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy.

PDF

Phys. Rev. D 114, 052003 – Published 10 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5wwg-frcg

Abstract

A precision measurement of the $W$ -boson production cross section is performed using the $W \to μ ν$ decay channel, based on a sample of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.1 {fb}^{- 1}$ . The cross section is measured for muons with transverse momentum between 25 and 55 GeV and pseudorapidity between 2.0 and 4.5. The total production cross sections of $W$ bosons are measured to be $σ_{W^{+} \to μ^{+} ν} = 1754.2 \pm 1.5 \pm 11.8 \pm 35.1 pb$ $σ_{W^{-} \to μ^{-} \bar{ν}} = 1178.1 \pm 1.3 \pm 9.7 \pm 23.6 pb$ where uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the luminosity determination, respectively. Differential distributions $d σ_{W^{\pm} \to μ^{\pm} ν} / d η^{μ^{\pm}}$ are also presented. The total and differential cross sections are in good agreement with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. This measurement is significantly more precise than previous results in this kinematic regime.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (89)

R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the $W$ boson mass, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2022) 036.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2024) 026.
H. Abramowicz et al. (H1 and ZEUS Collaborations), Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic $e^{\pm} p$ scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data, Eur. Phys. J. C 75, 580 (2015).
A. Aktas et al. (H1 Collaboration), Measurement of $F_{2}^{c \bar{c}}$ and $F_{2}^{b \bar{b}}$ at high $Q^{2}$ using the H1 vertex detector at HERA, Eur. Phys. J. C 40, 349 (2005).
G. Moreno et al., Dimuon production in proton-copper collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 38.8 GeV$ , Phys. Rev. D 43, 2815 (1991).
R. S. Towell et al. (NuSea Collaboration), Improved measurement of the $\bar{d} / \bar{u}$ asymmetry in the nucleon sea, Phys. Rev. D 64, 052002 (2001).
F. D. Aaron et al. (H1 Collaboration), Measurement of the inclusive $e^{\pm} p$ scattering cross section at high inelasticity y and of the structure function $F_{L}$ , Eur. Phys. J. C 71, 1579 (2011).
Q. Deng, Q. Han, H. Yin, S. Dulat, T.-J. Hou, and C.-P. Yuan, Impact of LHCb 13 TeV $W$ and $Z$ pseudodata on the parton distribution functions, Chin. Phys. C 45, 023110 (2021).
P. J. Rijken and W. L. van Neerven, Order $α_{s}^{2}$ contributions to the Drell-Yan cross section at fixed target energies, Phys. Rev. D 51, 44 (1995).
R. Hamberg, W. L. van Neerven, and T. Matsuura, A complete calculation of the order $α_{s}^{2}$ correction to the Drell-Yan $K$ -factor, Nucl. Phys. B359, 343 (1991); B644, 403(E) (2002).
W. L. van Neerven and E. B. Zijlstra, The $O (α_{s}^{2})$ corrected Drell-Yan $K$ factor in the DIS and MS scheme, Nucl. Phys. B382, 11 (1992); B680, 513(E) (2004).
R. V. Harlander and W. B. Kilgore, Next-to-next-to-leading order Higgs production at hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 201801 (2002).
C. Anastasiou, L. J. Dixon, K. Melnikov, and F. Petriello, High-precision QCD at hadron colliders: Electroweak gauge boson rapidity distributions at next-to-next-to leading order, Phys. Rev. D 69, 094008 (2004).
W.-L. Ju and M. Schönherr, The $q_{T}$ and $Δ$ $ϕ$ spectra in $W$ and $Z$ production at the LHC at $N^{3} {LL}^{’} + N^{2} LO$ , J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2021) 088.
S. Alioli, A. Broggio, A. Gavardi, S. Kallweit, M. A. Lim, R. Nagar, D. Napoletano, C. W. Bauer, and L. Rottoli, Matching NNLO predictions to parton showers using $N^{3} L L$ color-singlet transverse momentum resummation in geneva, Phys. Rev. D 104, 094020 (2021).
M. A. Ebert, J. K. L. Michel, I. W. Stewart, and F. J. Tackmann, Drell-Yan $q_{T}$ resummation of fiducial power corrections at $N^{3} L L$ , J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2021) 102.
W. Bizon, A. Gehrmann-De Ridder, T. Gehrmann, N. Glover, A. Huss, P. F. Monni, E. Re, L. Rottoli, and D. M. Walker, The transverse momentum spectrum of weak gauge bosons at $N^{3} L L +$ NNLO, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 868 (2019).
G. Billis, J. K. L. Michel, and F. J. Tackmann, Drell-Yan transverse-momentum spectra at $N^{3} {LL}^{'}$ and approximate $N^{4} L L$ with SCETlib, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2025) 170.
S. J. Brodsky, V. A. Bednyakov, G. I. Lykasov, J. Smiesko, and S. Tokar, The physics of heavy quark distributions in hadrons: Collider tests, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 93, 108 (2017).
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of the inclusive $W^{\pm}$ and $Z / γ$ cross sections in the $e$ and $μ$ decay channels in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 85, 072004 (2012).
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Precise measurements of W- and Z-boson transverse momentum spectra with the ATLAS detector using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV$ and 13 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 1126 (2024).
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of the $Z / γ^{*}$ boson transverse momentum distribution in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2014) 145.
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of the transverse momentum and $ϕ_{η}^{*}$ distributions of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 291 (2016).
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of the transverse momentum distribution of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 616 (2020).
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of $W^{\pm}$ -boson and $Z$ -boson production cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 901 (2019).
M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurements of $W$ and $Z$ boson production in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 128 (2019); 79, 374(E) (2019).
M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Precision measurement and interpretation of inclusive $W^{+}$ , $W^{-}$ and $Z / γ^{*}$ production cross sections with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 367 (2017).
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of $W^{\pm}$ and $Z$ -boson production cross sections in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 759, 601 (2016).
G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of vector boson production cross sections and their ratios using $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13.6 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 854, 138725 (2024).
A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurements of the $W$ boson rapidity, helicity, double-differential cross sections, and charge asymmetry in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ , Phys. Rev. D 102, 092012 (2020).
S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurement of the inclusive $W$ and $Z$ production cross sections in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2011) 132.
S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurement of inclusive $W$ and $Z$ boson production cross sections in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$ , Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 191802 (2014).
V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurement of the $Z$ boson differential cross section in transverse momentum and rapidity in proton–proton collisions at 8 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 749, 187 (2015).
S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurement of the rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of $Z$ bosons in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , Phys. Rev. D 85, 032002 (2012).
A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurement of the mass dependence of the transverse momentum of lepton pairs in Drell–Yan production in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ , Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 628 (2023).
S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Study of $Z$ production in PbPb and $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$ in the dimuon and dielectron decay channels, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2015) 022.
A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurement of the inclusive cross sections for $W$ and $Z$ boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ and 13 TeV, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2025) 162.
V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurements of inclusive $W$ and $Z$ cross sections in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2011) 080.
S. Sakai (ALICE Collaboration), Electroweak vector-boson production in hadronic collisions with ALICE at the LHC, EPJ Web Conf. 339, 05007 (2025).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), $W^{\pm}$ -boson production in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 8.16 TeV$ and Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2023) 036.
N. Valle (ALICE Collaboration), Electroweak boson production in heavy-ion collisions with ALICE, Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. 44C, 81 (2021).
D. Stocco (ALICE Collaboration), Electroweak boson production in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$ with ALICE, Nucl. Phys. A967, 309 (2017).
J. Adam et al. (ALICE Collaboration), $W$ and $Z$ boson production in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2017) 077.
E. Z. Buthelezi (ALICE Collaboration), Production of $W$ -bosons in p–Pb collisions measured with ALICE at the LHC, Proc. Sci. DIS2015 (2015) 100 [arXiv:1511.06128].
K. Senosi (ALICE Collaboration), Measurement of $W$ -boson production in p–Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE, Proc. Sci. Bormio2015 (2015) 042 [arXiv:1511.06398].
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Inclusive $W$ and $Z$ production in the forward region at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2012) 058.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the cross-section for $Z \to e^{+} e^{-}$ production in $p$ $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2013) 106.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the forward $W$ boson production cross-section in $p$ $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2014) 079.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of forward $Z \to e^{+} e^{-}$ production at $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2015) 109.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the forward $Z$ boson cross-section in $p$ $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2015) 039.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of forward $W$ and $Z$ boson production in $p$ $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2016) 155.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the forward $Z$ boson production cross-section in $p$ $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2016) 136.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of forward $W \to e ν$ production in $p$ $p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2016) 030.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Precision measurement of forward $Z$ boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ , J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2022) 026.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the $Z$ boson production cross-section at 5.02 TeV, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2024) 070.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), companion Letter, Precision measurement of the muon charge asymmetry from $W$ -boson decays in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ in the forward region, Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 111801 (2026).
C. Balázs and C.-P. Yuan, Soft gluon effects on lepton pairs at hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. D 56, 5558 (1997).
J. Wang, C. Sheng Li, H. T. Li, Z. Li, and C.-P. Yuan, Improved resummation prediction on Higgs production at hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. D 86, 094026 (2012).
N. Davidson, T. Przedzinski, and Z. Was, photos interface in c++: Technical and physics documentation, Comput. Phys. Commun. 199, 86 (2016).
A. A. Alves Jr. et al. (LHCb Collaboration), The LHCb detector at the LHC, J. Instrum. 3, S08005 (2008).
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), LHCb detector performance, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 30, 1530022 (2015).
R. Aaij et al., Performance of the LHCb vertex locator, J. Instrum. 9, P09007 (2014).
P. d’Argent et al., Improved performance of the LHCb outer tracker in LHC Run 2, J. Instrum. 12, P11016 (2017).
M. Adinolfi et al., Performance of the LHCb RICH detector at the LHC, Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2431 (2013).
A. A. Alves Jr. et al., Performance of the LHCb muon system, J. Instrum. 8, P02022 (2013).
R. Aaij et al., The LHCb trigger and its performance in 2011, J. Instrum. 8, P04022 (2013).
N. Grieser et al., The LHCb stripping project: Sustainable legacy data processing for high-energy physics, Comput. Software Big. Sci. 9, 21 (2025).
T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Skands, A brief introduction to pythia 8.1, Comput. Phys. Commun. 178, 852 (2008).
I. Belyaev et al., Handling of the generation of primary events in gauss, the LHCb simulation framework, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 331, 032047 (2011).
J. Allison et al. (Geant4 Collaboration), geant4 developments and applications, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 53, 270 (2006).
S. Agostinelli et al. (Geant4 Collaboration), geant4: A simulation toolkit, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 506, 250 (2003).
M. Clemencic, G. Corti, S. Easo, C. R. Jones, S. Miglioranzi, M. Pappagallo, and P. Robbe, The LHCb simulation application, gauss: Design, evolution and experience, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 331, 032023 (2011).
S. Camarda et al., dyturbo: Fast predictions for Drell–Yan processes, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 251 (2020); 80, 440(E) (2020).
Campbell, John, Neumann, and Tobias, Precision phenomenology with MCFM, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2019) 034.
S. Alioli, P. Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re, NLO vector-boson production matched with shower in powheg, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2008) 060.
J. C. Collins, D. E. Soper, and G. Sterman, Transverse momentum distribution in Drell-Yan pair and $W$ and $Z$ boson production, Nucl. Phys. B250, 199 (1985).
J. C. Collins and D. E. Soper, Back-to-back jets in QCD, Nucl. Phys. B193, 381 (1981).
J. C. Collins and D. E. Soper, Back-to-back jets: Fourier transform from b to $k_{T}$ , Nucl. Phys. B197, 446 (1982).
S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
T. Skwarnicki, A study of the radiative cascade transitions between the Upsilon-prime and Upsilon resonances, Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, 1986 Report No. DESY-F31-86-02.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Curvature-bias corrections using a pseudomass method, J. Instrum. 19, P03010 (2024).
W. Barter, M. Pili, and M. Vesterinen, A simple method to determine charge-dependent curvature biases in track reconstruction in hadron collider experiments, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 251 (2021).
R. Gauld, A. Gehrmann-De Ridder, T. Gehrmann, E.W.N. Glover, and A. Huss, Precise predictions for the angular coefficients in $Z$ -boson production at the LHC, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2017) 003.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Measurement of the track reconstruction efficiency at LHCb, J. Instrum. 10, P02007 (2015).
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Precision luminosity measurements at LHCb, J. Instrum. 9, P12005 (2014).
T.-J. Hou et al., New CTEQ global analysis of quantum chromodynamics with high-precision data from the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 103, 014013 (2021).
R. D. Ball et al. (NNPDF Collaboration), The path to proton structure at 1% accuracy, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 428 (2022).
S. Bailey, T. Cridge, L. A. Harland-Lang, A. D. Martin, and R. S. Thorne, Parton distributions from LHC, HERA, Tevatron and fixed target data: MSHT20 PDFs, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 341 (2021).
LHCb Collaboration, Precision measurement of the muon charge asymmetry from $W$ -boson decays in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ in the forward region (2026), https://cds.cern.ch/record/2958920.

Phys. Rev. D 114, 052003– Published 10 September, 2026

Vol. 114, Iss. 5 — 1 September 2026

Received 15 April 2026
Accepted 16 June 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5wwg-frcg

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

Export citation

Export citation

Measurement of the $W$ -boson production cross sections in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ in the forward region

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Precision Measurement of the Muon Charge Asymmetry from $W$ -Boson Decays in $p p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ in the Forward Region

Article Text

References (89)

Outline

Information

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation

Measurement of the W-boson production cross sections in pp collisions at s=13 TeV in the forward region

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Precision Measurement of the Muon Charge Asymmetry from W-Boson Decays in pp Collisions at s=13 TeV in the Forward Region

Article Text

References (89)

Measurement of the $W$ -boson production cross sections in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ in the forward region

Precision Measurement of the Muon Charge Asymmetry from $W$ -Boson Decays in $p p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ in the Forward Region