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    High-order coupling as a driver for Mott insulating behavior in holography

    Lin-Yue Bai1,2,*, René Meyer3,†, and Zhen-Hua Zhou4,‡

    • *Contact author: bailinyue137@163.com
    • †Contact author: rene.meyer@uni-wuerzburg.de
    • ‡Contact author: dtplanck@163.com

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 066008 – Published 11 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4wc2-dgys

    Abstract

    We construct a simple holographic model incorporating higher-order coupling terms for electron self-interactions. It can exhibit typical behavior of a Mott insulator, including a metal-insulator transition and a decrease in dc conductivity with the increase of charge density. In the analysis of ac conductivity, a soft gap is generally observed. Notably, when the dc conductivity approaches zero, the ac conductivity reveals a multipeak structure, which can be attributed to the Mott and charge-transfer gaps observed experimentally in transition metals. With the increase of dc conductivity, the multipeak structure gradually reverts to soft-gap behavior or even metallic conductivity. The accuracy of the numerical result is guaranteed by σ(ω→0)=σdc and sum rules.

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