- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Spin dependence of meson thresholds in the diabatic dynamical diquark model

Richard F. Lebed*

  • *Contact author: Richard.Lebed@asu.edu
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 112, 114008 – Published 3 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4sx7-rrdl

Abstract

The diabatic dynamical diquark model is designed to unify diquark and molecular approaches for exotic hadrons by including the effects of dimeson thresholds on fundamental diquark-antidiquark states in order to form physical tetraquarks. We generalize this model by implementing the consequences of heavy-quark spin symmetry for each dimeson pair. We include the specific spin factors and mass differences associated with mesons related by this symmetry (such as D,D*), both features being necessary for the systematic incorporation of effects beyond the static, heavy-source limit inherent to the (adiabatic) Born-Oppenheimer treatment. We obtain explicit interaction potentials for all J=0, 1, 2 states, along the way deriving unusual variants of Fierz reordering identities, and discuss the application of the potentials to specific physical states such as χc1(3872) and Tcc¯1(3900).

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (35)

  1. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  2. S. Brodsky, D. Hwang, and R. Lebed, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 112001 (2014).
  3. R. Lebed, Phys. Lett. B 749, 454 (2015).
  4. R. Lebed, Phys. Rev. D 96, 116003 (2017).
  5. http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/cmorning/static_potentials/SU3_4D/greet.html.
  6. S. Capitani, O. Philipsen, C. Reisinger, C. Riehl, and M. Wagner, Phys. Rev. D 99, 034502 (2019).
  7. J. Giron, R. Lebed, and C. Peterson, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2019) 061.
  8. J. Giron, R. Lebed, and C. Peterson, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2020) 124.
  9. J. Giron and R. Lebed, Phys. Rev. D 101, 074032 (2020).
  10. J. Giron and R. Lebed, Phys. Rev. D 102, 014036 (2020).
  11. J. Giron and R. Lebed, Phys. Rev. D 102, 074003 (2020).
  12. J. Giron, R. Lebed, and S. Martinez, Phys. Rev. D 104, 054001 (2021).
  13. J. Giron and R. Lebed, Phys. Rev. D 104, 114028 (2021).
  14. S. Jafarzade and R. Lebed, Phys. Rev. D 112, 014034 (2025).
  15. R. Lebed and S. Martinez, Phys. Rev. D 106, 074007 (2022).
  16. R. Lebed and S. Martinez, Phys. Rev. D 108, 014013 (2023).
  17. R. Lebed and S. Martinez, Phys. Rev. D 110, 074002 (2024).
  18. R. Lebed and S. Martinez, Phys. Rev. D 111, 094005 (2025).
  19. A. Manohar and M. Wise, Heavy Quark Physics, Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2000).
  20. R. Bruschini and P. González, Phys. Rev. D 102, 074002 (2020).
  21. R. Bruschini, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2023) 219.
  22. L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory, Course of Theoretical Physics (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1977).
  23. M. Baer, Beyond Born-Oppenheimer: Electronic Nonadiabatic Coupling Terms and Conical Intersections (Wiley, New Jersey, 2006).
  24. P. Bicudo, M. Cardoso, N. Cardoso, and M. Wagner, Phys. Rev. D 101, 034503 (2020).
  25. R. Bruschini and P. González, Phys. Rev. D 103, 074009 (2021).
  26. R. Bruschini and P. González, Phys. Rev. D 104, 074025 (2021).
  27. J. Tarrús Castellà, Phys. Rev. D 106, 094020 (2022).
  28. M. Berwein, N. Brambilla, A. Mohapatra, and A. Vairo, Phys. Rev. D 110, 094040 (2024).
  29. B. Aubert et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 71, 031501 (2005).
  30. S.-K. Choi et al. (Belle Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 84, 052004 (2011).
  31. M. Peskin and D. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995).
  32. R. Jaffe, Phys. Rep. 409, 1 (2005).
  33. R. Lebed and S. Martinez, Phys. Rev. D 110, 034033 (2024).
  34. A. Edmonds, Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics, Investigations in Physics Series (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1957).
  35. Y. Liao and J.-Y. Liu, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 127, 121 (2012).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 112, 114008– Published 3 December, 2025
  • Received 13 July 2025
  • Accepted 14 November 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation