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    First look at continuous spin gravity: Time delay signatures

    Shayarneel Kundu*

    Philip Schuster† and Natalia Toro‡

    • *Contact author: skundu4@stanford.edu
    • †Contact author: schuster@slac.stanford.edu
    • ‡Contact author: ntoro@slac.stanford.edu

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 076017 – Published 21 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/47wt-skjw

    Abstract

    We consider the possibility that gravity is mediated by “continuous spin” particles, i.e. massless particles whose invariant spin scale ρg is nonzero. In this case, the primary helicity-2 modes of gravitational radiation on a Minkowski background mix with a tower of integer-helicity partner modes under boosts, with ρg controlling the degree of mixing. We develop a formalism for coupling spinless matter to continuous spin gravity at linearized level. Using this formalism, we calculate the time-delay signatures induced by gravitational waves in an idealized laser interferometer detector. The fractional deviation from general relativity predictions is O(ρg/ω) for gravitational wave frequencies ω>ρg, and the effects of waves with ω≲ρg are damped. The precision and low frequency ranges of gravitational wave detectors suggest potential sensitivity to spin scales at or below ∼10−14  eV at ground-based laser interferometers and ∼10−24  eV at pulsar timing arrays, motivating further analysis of observable signatures.

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