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    Homothetic Killing horizons in generic Vaidya spacetimes

    Ritwika Ghoshal1,*, Nilay Kundu1,†, and Srijit Bhattacharjee2,‡

    • *Contact author: ritwikaghoshal1997@gmail.com
    • †Contact author: nilayhep@iitk.ac.in
    • ‡Contact author: srijuster@gmail.com

    Phys. Rev. D 114, 024051 – Published 20 July, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/453t-xfmr

    Abstract

    We study the conformal Killing equation for generic Vaidya-like spacetimes, including those with rotation. We show that these spacetimes admit a unique class of conformal Killing vectors that are homothetic for mass, charge, or rotation parameters being linear functions of the advanced null-time. For the Kerr-Vaidya metric, the solution to the conformal Killing equation exists if and only if both mass and rotation parameters become dynamic. The presence of a homothetic Killing vector (HKV) for such a spacetime enables one to conformally map the original dynamical spacetime to a stationary spacetime, enabling access to the standard methods pertaining to a Killing horizon. The surface where an HKV becomes null is termed the homothetic Killing horizon. We discuss the thermodynamic properties of such homothetic Killing horizons and formulate a version of the first law (or flux balance law) for spherically symmetric Vaidya spacetimes. We further study the maximal analytic extension of a charged Vaidya metric and indicate its implications for studying particle creation in such backgrounds.

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