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Fragmentation of fully heavy tetraquarks: The TQ4Q1.1 functions as a case study

Francesco Giovanni Celiberto*

  • *Contact author: francesco.celiberto@uah.es
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 074041 – Published 29 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/375n-fw5h

Abstract

We extend the study of exotic matter formation via the TQ4Q1.1 set of collinear, variable-flavor-number-scheme fragmentation functions for fully charmed or bottomed tetraquarks in three quantum configurations; scalar (JPC=0++), axial vector (JPC=1+−), and tensor (JPC=2++). We adopt single-parton fragmentation at leading power and implement a nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) factorization scheme tailored to tetraquark Fock-state configurations. Short-distance inputs at the initial scale are modeled using updated calculations for both gluon- and heavy-quark-initiated channels. A threshold-consistent Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution is then applied via the novel heavy-flavor nonrelativistic-evolution (HF-NRevo) hybrid scheme. We provide the first systematic treatment of uncertainties from nonperturbative color-composite long-distance matrix elements (LDMEs), as well as from perturbative hard-scattering (H-MHOUs) and fragmentation-scale inputs (F-MHOUs), assessed separately and in combination. To support phenomenology, we compute NLL/NLO+ cross sections for tetraquark-jet systems at the HL-LHC and FCC within the hybrid collinear and high-energy factorization (HyF) as implemented in (sym)JETHAD, incorporating angular multiplicities as key observables sensitive to high-energy QCD dynamics. We also provide expected event yields based on realistic luminosity scenarios, offering a concrete benchmark for experimental searches. This work connects the investigation of exotic hadrons with state-of-the-art precision QCD.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 074041– Published 29 October, 2025
  • Received 16 July 2025
  • Accepted 9 October 2025
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