Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Dispersion relations and pole-skipping in a holographic charmonium model with rotating plasma

Luiz F. Ferreira*

  • *Contact author: lffaulhaber@gmail.com

Phys. Rev. D 112, 074043 – Published 31 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/32sr-nyrv

Abstract

In this paper, we employ a bottom-up holographic QCD model to investigate the dissociation of charmonium states moving in a rotating medium by calculating their quasinormal modes. We begin by reviewing the holographic quarkonium spectrum at zero temperature. Then, we derive the equations of motion for heavy vector mesons propagating in a rotating plasma, separating the analysis into longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the wave vector. Additionally, we compute the charge diffusion constant in the rotating background and analyze the pole-skipping phenomenon, which emerges in the retarded Green’s function. Finally, we investigate the impact of rotation on the spin alignment of the J/ψ state in the helicity frame, utilizing the spectral function obtained from the holographic framework.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (100)

  1. F. Becattini, F. Piccinini, and J. Rizzo, Phys. Rev. C 77, 024906 (2008).
  2. Y. Jiang, Z.-W. Lin, and J. Liao, Phys. Rev. C 94, 044910 (2016); 95, 049904(E) (2017).
  3. Y.-Q. Zhao, X.-L. Sheng, S.-W. Li, and D. Hou, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2024) 070.
  4. H. A. Ahmed, Y. Chen, and M. Huang, Phys. Rev. D 111, 086006 (2025).
  5. P. M. Hohler and Y. Yin, Phys. Rev. D 88, 086001 (2013).
  6. D. Dudal and T. G. Mertens, Phys. Rev. D 91, 086002 (2015).
  7. N. R. F. Braga, M. A. Martin Contreras, and S. Diles, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 598 (2016).
  8. N. R. F. Braga, L. F. Ferreira, and A. Vega, Phys. Lett. B 774, 476 (2017).
  9. D. Dudal and T. G. Mertens, Phys. Rev. D 97, 054035 (2018).
  10. N. R. F. Braga and L. F. Ferreira, Phys. Lett. B 783, 186 (2018).
  11. N. R. F. Braga and L. F. Ferreira, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2018) 082.
  12. M. A. Martin Contreras, S. Diles, and A. Vega, Phys. Rev. D 103, 086008 (2021).
  13. Y.-Q. Zhao and D. Hou, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 1102 (2022).
  14. L. A. H. Mamani, D. Hou, and N. R. F. Braga, Phys. Rev. D 105, 126020 (2022).
  15. Y.-Q. Zhao and D. Hou, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 1076 (2023).
  16. S. S. Jena, J. Barman, B. Toniato, D. Dudal, and S. Mahapatra, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2024) 096.
  17. B. Toniato, D. Dudal, S. Mahapatra, R. da Rocha, and S. S. Jena, Phys. Rev. D 111, 126021 (2025).
  18. S. I. Finazzo and J. Noronha, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2013) 042.
  19. N. R. F. Braga and L. F. Ferreira, Phys. Rev. D 94, 094019 (2016).
  20. Y.-Q. Zhao, Z.-R. Zhu, and X. Chen, Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 57 (2020).
  21. S.-Q. Feng, Y.-Q. Zhao, and X. Chen, Phys. Rev. D 101, 026023 (2020).
  22. N. R. F. Braga and R. a. da Rocha, Phys. Lett. B 776, 78 (2018).
  23. N. R. F. Braga, L. F. Ferreira, and R. a. Da Rocha, Phys. Lett. B 787, 16 (2018).
  24. N. R. F. Braga and R. da Mata, Phys. Rev. D 101, 105016 (2020).
  25. N. R. F. Braga and R. da Mata, Phys. Lett. B 811, 135918 (2020).
  26. Y.-Q. Zhao and D. Hou, Phys. Lett. B 847, 138271 (2023).
  27. N. R. F. Braga, Y. F. Ferreira, and L. F. Ferreira, Phys. Rev. D 105, 114044 (2022).
  28. M. A. Martin Contreras, A. Vega, and S. Diles, Phys. Lett. B 854, 138723 (2024).
  29. D.-F. Hou and H.-C. Ren, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2008) 029.
  30. S.-x. Chu, D.-F. Hou, and H.-C. Ren, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2009) 004.
  31. Z.-Q. Zhang, D.-F. Hou, H.-C. Ren, and L. Yin, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2011) 035.
  32. X. Chen, S.-Q. Feng, Y.-F. Shi, and Y. Zhong, Phys. Rev. D 97, 066015 (2018).
  33. J. Zhou, X. Chen, Y.-Q. Zhao, and J.-L. Ping, Phys. Rev. D 102, 086020 (2020).
  34. Z.-R. Zhu, D.-F. Hou, and X. Chen, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 550 (2020).
  35. A. Li and Z.-Q. Zhang, Chin. Phys. C 45, 103103 (2021).
  36. D.-F. Hou, M. Atashi, K. Bitaghsir Fadafan, and Z.-Q. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 817, 136279 (2021).
  37. P.-P. Wu, Z.-Q. Zhang, and X. Zhu, Chin. Phys. C 46, 113103 (2022).
  38. X. Chen, L. Zhang, and D.-F. Hou, Chin. Phys. C 46, 073101 (2022).
  39. J.-X. Chen, D.-F. Hou, and H.-C. Ren, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2023) 171.
  40. Z.-R. Zhu and D.-F. Hou, Phys. Rev. D 110, 066010 (2024).
  41. M. Wei and M. Huang, Chin. Phys. C 47, 104105 (2023).
  42. Z.-Q. Zhang, X. Zhu, and D.-F. Hou, Nucl. Phys. B 989, 116149 (2023).
  43. S. Tahery, X. Chen, and Z.-Q. Zhang, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2023) 207.
  44. F. Sun, J. Shao, R. Wen, K. Xu, and M. Huang, Phys. Rev. D 109, 116017 (2024).
  45. S. S. Jena, A. Bhattacharjee, D. Dudal, and S. Mahapatra, arXiv:2507.00746.
  46. L. F. Ferreira and A. Vega, Phys. Rev. D 111, 126011 (2025).
  47. S. S. Jena, B. Shukla, D. Dudal, and S. Mahapatra, Phys. Rev. D 105, 086011 (2022).
  48. A. Karch, E. Katz, D. T. Son, and M. A. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. D 74, 015005 (2006).
  49. K. A. Olive (Particle Data Group), Chin. Phys. C 38, 090001 (2014).
  50. J. Polchinski and M. J. Strassler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 031601 (2002).
  51. H. Boschi-Filho and N. R. F. Braga, Eur. Phys. J. C 32, 529 (2004).
  52. H. Boschi-Filho and N. R. F. Braga, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2003) 009.
  53. A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 91, 024913 (2015).
  54. I. Y. Aref’eva, A. A. Golubtsova, and E. Gourgoulhon, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2020) 169.
  55. A. A. Golubtsova and N. S. Tsegelnik, Phys. Rev. D 107, 106017 (2023).
  56. J.-X. Chen, D.-F. Hou, and H.-C. Ren, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2023) 171.
  57. X. Chen, L. Zhang, D. Li, D. Hou, and M. Huang, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 132.
  58. J. Zhou, X. Chen, Y.-Q. Zhao, and J. Ping, Phys. Rev. D 102, 126029 (2021).
  59. N. R. F. Braga, L. F. Faulhaber, and O. C. Junqueira, Phys. Rev. D 105, 106003 (2022).
  60. M. Bravo Gaete, L. Guajardo, and M. Hassaine, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2017) 092.
  61. C. Erices and C. Martinez, Phys. Rev. D 97, 024034 (2018).
  62. J. Morgan, A. S. Miranda, and V. T. Zanchin, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2013) 001.
  63. L. A. H. Mamani, A. S. Miranda, H. Boschi-Filho, and N. R. F. Braga, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2014) 058.
  64. D. T. Son and A. O. Starinets, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2002) 042.
  65. M. D. Sievert and J. Noronha-Hostler, Phys. Rev. C 100, 024904 (2019).
  66. D. T. Son and A. O. Starinets, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2002) 042.
  67. P. K. Kovtun and A. O. Starinets, Phys. Rev. D 72, 086009 (2005).
  68. M. Kaminski, K. Landsteiner, F. Pena-Benitez, J. Erdmenger, C. Greubel, and P. Kerner, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2009) 117.
  69. G. Policastro, D. T. Son, and A. O. Starinets, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2002) 043.
  70. G. Policastro, D. T. Son, and A. O. Starinets, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2002) 054.
  71. A. Ballon-Bayona, S. Bartz, L. A. H. Mamani, and D. M. Rodrigues, Phys. Rev. D 111, 026011 (2025).
  72. A. S. Miranda, C. A. Ballon Bayona, H. Boschi-Filho, and N. R. F. Braga, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2009) 119.
  73. P. Colangelo, F. Giannuzzi, and S. Nicotri, Phys. Rev. D 80, 094019 (2009).
  74. S. Grozdanov, K. Schalm, and V. Scopelliti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 231601 (2018).
  75. M. Blake, H. Lee, and H. Liu, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2017) 127.
  76. M. Blake, R. A. Davison, S. Grozdanov, and H. Liu, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2018) 035.
  77. M. Blake, R. A. Davison, and D. Vegh, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2019) 077.
  78. M. Natsuume and T. Okamura, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 013B07 (2020).
  79. M. Natsuume and T. Okamura, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2019) 139.
  80. Y. Ahn, V. Jahnke, H.-S. Jeong, and K.-Y. Kim, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2019) 257.
  81. H.-S. Jeong, K.-Y. Kim, and Y.-W. Sun, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2021) 105.
  82. Y. Ahn, V. Jahnke, H.-S. Jeong, K.-Y. Kim, K.-S. Lee, and M. Nishida, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2020) 175.
  83. D. Wang and Z.-Y. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 231603 (2022).
  84. W.-B. Pan, Y.-W. Sun, and Y.-T. Wang, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2024) 256.
  85. Y. Ahn, S. Grozdanov, H.-S. Jeong, and J. F. Pedraza, arXiv:2508.15589.
  86. N. Lilani, D. Sandhu, and S. Mahapatra, Phys. Rev. D 112, 046012 (2025).
  87. Z. Lu, C. Ran, and S.-F. Wu, arXiv:2507.13306.
  88. Z. Lu, C. Ran, and S.-F. Wu, arXiv:2506.12890.
  89. M. Blake and R. A. Davison, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2021) 013.
  90. H.-S. Jeong, C.-W. Ji, and K.-Y. Kim, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2023) 139.
  91. S. Grozdanov, P. K. Kovtun, A. O. Starinets, and P. Tadić, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2019) 097.
  92. A. Jansen and C. Pantelidou, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2020) 121.
  93. N. Abbasi and M. Kaminski, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2020) 265.
  94. X.-L. Sheng, Y.-Q. Zhao, S.-W. Li, F. Becattini, and D. Hou, Phys. Rev. D 110, 056047 (2024).
  95. P. Faccioli, C. Lourenco, J. Seixas, and H. K. Wohri, Eur. Phys. J. C 69, 657 (2010).
  96. S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 815, 136146 (2021).
  97. S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 042303 (2023).
  98. J.-P. Blaizot and M. Á. Escobedo, Phys. Rev. D 104, 054034 (2021).
  99. L. Thakur and Y. Hirono, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2021) 207.
  100. N. R. F. Braga and Y. F. Ferreira, Phys. Rev. D 108, 094017 (2023).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation