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Charm multiplicity distribution in high energy pp collisions with pythia

Yuri N. Lima1,*, Cristiane Jahnke2,†, Marcelo G. Munhoz1,‡, and Fernando S. Navarra1,§

  • *Contact author: ylima@if.usp.br
  • †Contact author: cjahnke@unicamp.br
  • ‡Contact author: munhoz@if.usp.br
  • §Contact author: navarra@if.usp.br
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014058 – Published 31 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2zhw-qhz4

Abstract

With the growth of statistics in the future experiments at the LHC, the number of events with charm production will increase substantially. It may become possible to measure the multiplicity distribution of charm particles. Using pythia-8, we generated charm multiplicity distributions in pp collisions for different pseudorapidity ranges (|η|<0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0) and center-of-mass energies (s=0.9, 2.36, 2.76, 7.0, 8.0, 13.0 TeV). We investigated the role played by multiple parton interactions and color reconnection. We compared the multiplicity distribution of D mesons with the charm quark multiplicity distribution. We observe that the “quark-hadron” duality hypothesis is satisfied. With the obtained distributions, we tested the validity of the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling. We also parametrized the charm distributions considering the Poisson distribution and negative binomial distributions.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014058– Published 31 July, 2026
  • Received 31 December 2025
  • Accepted 2 June 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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