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    Effect of kick velocity on gravitational wave detection of binary black holes with space- and ground-based detectors

    Jie Wu (吴洁)1,2, Mengfei Sun (孙孟飞)1,2, Xianghe Ma (马翔河)1,2, Xiaolin Liu (刘骁麟)4, Jin Li (李瑾)1,2,3,*, and Zhoujian Cao (曹周键)5,6,7,†

    • *Contact author: cqujinli1983@cqu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: zjcao@bnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 024040 – Published 18 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2qg3-w39y

    Abstract

    During the coalescence of binary black holes (BBHs), asymmetric gravitational wave (GW) emission imparts a kick velocity to the remnant black hole, affecting observed waveforms and parameter estimation. In this study, we investigate the impact of this effect on GW observations using space- and ground-based detectors. By applying Lorentz transformations, we analyze waveform modifications due to kick velocities. For space-based detectors, nearly 50% of detected signals require corrections, while for ground-based detectors, this fraction is below one-third. For the q3d population model, space-based detectors could observe kick effects in over 60% of massive BBH mergers, while in pop3 model, this fraction could drop to 3∼4%. Third-generation ground-based detectors may detect kick effects in up to 16% of stellar-mass BBH mergers. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating kick velocity effects into waveform modeling, enhancing GW signal interpretation and our understanding of BBH dynamics and astrophysical implications.

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