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Scalar-glueball-mediated scale-anomaly dominance of the confining pressure of the pion in holographic QCD

Daisuke Fujii1,2,*, Akihiro Iwanaka3,2,†, and Mitsuru Tanaka4,‡

  • *Contact author: daisuke@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp
  • †Contact author: akihiro.iwanaka@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  • ‡Contact author: tanaka@hken.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 094051 – Published 25 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2ngy-t5zp

Abstract

In this work, we analyze the energy density and the stress distribution inside the pion derived from gravitational form factors in top-down holographic QCD. In particular, we show that the dominance of the scale anomaly in the confining pressure, previously observed in the instant form for the nucleon, also holds for the pion in the light-front form. Furthermore, we find that in large-Nc QCD described by this approach, the scalar glueball plays a mediating role in transmitting the confining pressure. These findings support the universal role of the scale anomaly in the stability of hadrons.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 094051– Published 25 November, 2025
  • Received 26 August 2025
  • Accepted 21 October 2025
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