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  • Open Access

Investigating the light curve variation of magnetic white dwarfs induced by axion-photon conversion

Hao-Chen Tian, Zhao-Yang Wang, Yun-Feng Liang*, and Zhao-Wei Du

  • Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

  • *Contact author: liangyf@gxu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 111, 123010 – Published 6 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2jfz-wkw4

Abstract

Axion-photon oscillation refers to the process of mutual conversion between photons and axions when they propagate in a magnetic field. This process depends on the strength of the background magnetic field, and magnetic white dwarfs provide a natural laboratory for testing this process. In this work, we study the behavior of axion-photon oscillation near magnetic white dwarfs: as the magnetic white dwarf rotates, its magnetic field structure rotates accordingly, causing a periodic change of the magnetic field along the path of photons. These variations affect the axion-photon oscillation process experienced by the photons emitted from the white dwarf, thereby inducing a periodic modulation in the intensity and polarization of the white dwarf’s thermal emission that we observe. Our study focuses on the impact of axion effects on the observed light curve variation and conducts a detailed investigation through numerical calculations. Using the light curve data of the white dwarf PG1015+014 obtained from the observations by the Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, which has a photometric precision of ∼1%, we derive the constraints on axion parameters. In the axion mass range of ≲10−8  eV, the 95% credible interval upper limit of the axion-photon coupling gaγγ is constrained to <8.1×10−12  GeV−1.

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Phys. Rev. D 111, 123010– Published 6 June, 2025
  • Received 14 November 2024
  • Accepted 20 May 2025
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