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Testing scalar field self-dualities in d=2 using a variational method

Paul Romatschke1,2,3 and Ulrike Romatschke4,5

Phys. Rev. D 114, 014521 – Published 27 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/25zd-4r9z

Abstract

Recently, self-dualities based on saddle-point expansions have been proposed as a means to obtain qualitative nonperturbative information in scalar field theories. In this work, we test this proposition quantitatively by studying the phase transition for critical scalar ϕ4 field theory in 1+1 dimensions using a variational method. We find that saddle-point methods obtain quantitative agreement for the free energy, but differ on the order of 25% for the peak location of the correlation length.

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