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Quasinormal modes of black holes in the generalized Schwarzschild–de Sitter solution of f(R) gravity

Dhruba Jyoti Gogoi1,2,*, Himanshu Chaudhary3,†, and Tiberiu Harko3,4,‡

  • 1Department of Physics, Madhabdev University, Narayanpur, Lakhimpur 784164, Assam, India
  • 2Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University, Baku AZ1096, 41 Mehseti Street, Azerbaijan
  • 3Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogălniceanu Street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania,
  • 4Astronomical Observatory, 19 Cireşilor Street, Cluj-Napoca 400487, Romania

  • *Contact author: moloydhruba@yahoo.in
  • †Contact author: himanshu.chaudhary@ubbcluj.ro, himanshuch1729@gmail.com
  • ‡Contact author: tiberiu.harko@aira.astro.ro
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 044089 – Published 25 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/189y-7pjv

Abstract

We analyze scalar, vector, and axial tensor perturbations in a Schwarzschild-type static spherically symmetric solution of modified f(R) gravity. This solution differs from the Schwarzschild metric of general relativity through the presence of a linearly growing term and a logarithmic correction, and it depends on four integration constants. Using the higher-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation and an analytical method, we calculate the quasinormal modes (QNMs) for all three types of perturbations. Our results show that, for appropriately chosen parameter values, the QNMs closely match those of the Schwarzschild black hole. In particular, the model parameter A produces a nonlinear increase in both the oscillation frequency and damping rate of ringdown gravitational waves. A similar effect arises for the parameter η when A is small, while for larger A values the effects are opposite, where the scalar perturbations display a distinct deviation compared to the vector and axial tensor cases. Contour plots of QNMs in the parameter space support these findings. Finally, time-domain profiles are obtained to illustrate the dynamical evolution of the gravitational wave signal.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 044089– Published 25 August, 2026
  • Received 4 January 2026
  • Accepted 27 July 2026
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