Direct transfer to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>46</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> as a survey of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>π</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mtext>−</mtext><mi>ν</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>f</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math> interaction

C. J. Paxman; A. Matta; W. N. Catford; B. A. Brown; G. Lotay; M. Assié; E. Clément; A. Lemasson; D. Ramos; N. A. Orr; F. Galtarossa; V. Girard-Alcindor; J. Dudouet; N. L. Achouri; D. Ackermann; D. Barrientos; D. Beaumel; P. Bednarczyk; G. Benzoni; A. Bracco; L. Canete; B. Cederwall; M. Ciemala; P. Delahaye; D. T. Doherty; C. Domingo-Pardo; B. Fernández-Domínguez; D. Fernández; F. Flavigny; C. Fougères; G. de France; S. Franchoo; A. Gadea; J. Gibelin; V. González; A. Gottardo; N. Goyal; F. Hammache; L. J. Harkness-Brennan; D. S. Harrouz; B. Jacquot; D. S. Judson; A. Jungclaus; A. Kaşkaş; W. Korten; M. Labiche; L. Lalanne; C. Lenain; S. Leoni; J. Ljungvall; J. Lois-Fuentes; T. Lokotko; A. Lopez-Martens; A. Maj; F. M. Marqués; I. Martel; R. Menegazzo; D. Mengoni; B. Million; J. Nyberg; R. M. Pérez-Vidal; L. Plagnol; Zs. Podolyák; A. Pullia; B. Quintana; D. Regueira-Castro; P. Reiter; M. Rejmund; K. Rezynkina; E. Sanchis; M. Şenyiğit; N. de Séréville; M. Siciliano; D. Sohler; O. Stezowski; J.-C. Thomas; A. Utepov; J. J. Valiente-Dobón; D. Verney; M. Zielińska

doi:10.1103/z145-rfy7

Editors' Suggestion

Direct transfer to ${}^{46, 48}K$ as a survey of the $π (s_{1 / 2}) − ν (s d p f)$ interaction

C. J. Paxman ^1,2,*, A. Matta ³, W. N. Catford ¹, B. A. Brown ^4,5, G. Lotay ¹, M. Assié ⁶, E. Clément ², A. Lemasson ², D. Ramos ² et al.

N. A. Orr ³, F. Galtarossa ^6,7,8, V. Girard-Alcindor ^2,6, J. Dudouet ⁹, N. L. Achouri ³, D. Ackermann ², D. Barrientos¹⁰, D. Beaumel ⁶, P. Bednarczyk¹¹, G. Benzoni ¹², A. Bracco ^12,13, L. Canete¹, B. Cederwall ¹⁴, M. Ciemala ¹¹, P. Delahaye ², D. T. Doherty ¹, C. Domingo-Pardo ¹⁵, B. Fernández-Domínguez¹⁶, D. Fernández ¹⁶, F. Flavigny ³, C. Fougères ², G. de France ², S. Franchoo ⁶, A. Gadea ¹⁵, J. Gibelin ³, V. González ¹⁷, A. Gottardo ¹⁸, N. Goyal ², F. Hammache⁶, L. J. Harkness-Brennan¹⁹, D. S. Harrouz⁶, B. Jacquot ², D. S. Judson ¹⁹, A. Jungclaus²⁰, A. Kaşkaş ²¹, W. Korten ²², M. Labiche ²³, L. Lalanne^2,6, C. Lenain³, S. Leoni ^12,13, J. Ljungvall⁶, J. Lois-Fuentes ¹⁶, T. Lokotko³, A. Lopez-Martens ⁶, A. Maj ¹¹, F. M. Marqués ³, I. Martel ²⁴, R. Menegazzo ⁷, D. Mengoni ^7,8, B. Million ¹², J. Nyberg ²⁵, R. M. Pérez-Vidal ^15,18, L. Plagnol³, Zs. Podolyák ¹, A. Pullia ^12,13, B. Quintana²⁶, D. Regueira-Castro¹⁶, P. Reiter ²⁷, M. Rejmund², K. Rezynkina ^28,7, E. Sanchis ¹⁷, M. Şenyiğit ²¹, N. de Séréville⁶, M. Siciliano ^18,22,29, D. Sohler ³⁰, O. Stezowski ⁹, J.-C. Thomas ², A. Utepov², J. J. Valiente-Dobón ¹⁸, D. Verney ⁶, and M. Zielińska ²²

¹School of Maths and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
²Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen, France
³Université de Caen Normandie, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen UMR6534, F-14000 Caen, France
⁴Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1321, USA
⁵Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1321, USA
⁶Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
⁷INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁸Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁹Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
¹⁰CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
¹¹The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
¹²INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
¹³Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
¹⁴Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
¹⁵Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
¹⁶IGFAE and Dpt. de Física de Partículas, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, E-15758 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
¹⁷Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
¹⁸Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
¹⁹Oliver Lodge Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
²⁰Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid E-28006 Madrid, Spain
²¹Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Besevler-Ankara, Turkey
²²Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
²³STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
²⁴Departamento de Ciencias Integradas, Universidad de Huelva, Calle Dr. Cantero Cuadrado, 6, 21004 Huelva, Spain
²⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
²⁶Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
²⁷Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
²⁸Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
²⁹Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
³⁰Institute for Nuclear Research, Atomki, 4001 Debrecen, P.O. Box 51, Hungary

^*Contact author: charlie.paxman@ganil.fr

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Phys. Rev. C 114, 044318 – Published 15 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/z145-rfy7

Abstract

The collapse of the canonical $N = 28$ magic number in nuclei with $Z < 20$ has drawn significant interest as it relates to the emergence of an island of inversion centered on ${}^{42}{Si}$ and ${}^{44}S$ . In particular, interactions between the $π 2 s_{1 / 2}$ orbital—empty in ${}^{42}{Si}$ and full in ${}^{44}S$ —and the neutron orbitals just above and below the $N = 28$ gap are expected to be critical in this region, but remain relatively unexplored. In this paper, we expand upon the results of our previous study of the direct transfer reaction ${}^{47}K (d, p γ) {}^{48}K$ [Paxman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 162504 (2025)] with the results of the complementary ${}^{47}K (d, t γ) {}^{46}K$ reaction. Through this study, we present a comprehensive scan of the interaction between the pivotal $π 2 s_{1 / 2}$ orbital and a broad range of neutron orbitals spanning nearly two full shells; $ν (2 s_{1 / 2}, 1 d_{3 / 2}, 1 f_{7 / 2}, 2 p_{3 / 2}, 2 p_{1 / 2}, 1 f_{5 / 2})$ . We identify several discrepancies between the experimental results and state-of-the-art shell model calculations, which suggest a deficiency of the shell model to fully capture the complex proton configuration mixing in this region, highlighting a significant challenge for single-particle descriptions of the island of inversion.

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Direct transfer to ${}^{46, 48}K$ as a survey of the $π (s_{1 / 2}) − ν (s d p f)$ interaction

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Direct transfer to K46,48 as a survey of the π(s1/2)−ν(sdpf) interaction

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Direct transfer to ${}^{46, 48}K$ as a survey of the $π (s_{1 / 2}) − ν (s d p f)$ interaction