To investigate low-energy incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics, the excitation functions (EFs) of different evaporation residues (ERs) produced in ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{130}\mathrm{Te}$ system were measured in the 4–7 MeV/nucleon energy range using the recoil-catcher activation technique followed by off-line $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy and analyzed in the framework of statistical model code pace4. It has been found that cross sections for $xn$ channels were well reproduced by the code, suggesting that they originate from complete fusion (CF) reactions. In contrast, the $\alpha$-emitting channels display a marked enhancement over theoretical predictions, pointing to the contribution of incomplete fusion (ICF) processes arising from projectile breakup. To quantify these effects, the ICF fraction (${\text{F}}_{\text{ICF}}$) has been deduced and analyzed as a function of projectile energy, mass asymmetry, Coulomb factor $Z_P{Z}_T$, deformation parameter ${\beta }_2$, and the $\alpha$-separation energy of the projectile $Q_{\alpha }$. The results show that ${\text{F}}_{\text{ICF}}$ increases with projectile energy and shows systematic dependence on mass asymmetry and $Z_P{Z}_T$. However, comparisons with earlier studies reveal that these parameters alone are insufficient to fully account for the observed strength of ICF, underscoring the role of projectile structure and $Q_{\alpha }$. Additionally, the angular-momentum distributions calculated using ccfull indicate that, at the studied energies, both CF and ICF contributions arise from partial waves with $\ell <{\ell }_{\mathrm{crit}}$, suggesting a diffused angular-momentum boundary rather than a sharp cutoff for the onset of ICF.

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• Breakup reactions
• Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
• Nuclear reactions