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Temperature dependence of the masses of various meson states: A comparative study in the SU(3) and SU(4) extended linear-σ models

A. Friesen1, Yu. Kalinovsky1, S. O. Allehabi2, N. M. Rfeek3, A. A. Alshehri4, and A. Tawfik2,*

  • *Contact author: tawfik@itp.uni-frankfurt.de, 400778@iu.edu.sa, atawfik@bnl.gov
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Phys. Rev. C 114, 015207 – Published 27 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ms99-5qnq

Abstract

In the extended Linear-σ Model (eLSM), the chiral phase structure of meson states, including pseudoscalars (Jpc=0−+), scalars (Jpc=0++), vectors (Jpc=1−−), and axial vectors (Jpc=1++), is investigated with the mean-field approximation. A systematic comparison between SU(3) and SU(4) configurations is provided. It has been found that the estimations of meson masses derived from SU(4) eLSM are more congruent with experimental values than those derived from SU(3) eLSM. Consequently, we conclude that an increase in quark degrees of freedom significantly enhances the accuracy of meson mass simulations. We investigate the effect of temperature on the masses of various meson states calculated in the SU(3) and SU(4) eLSM. After establishing all the fitting parameters, the temperature dependence of meson masses shows that although various meson states exhibit unique patterns in their mass changes with temperature, they all seem to share a similar range of dissolution temperatures. This means that the critical temperature that marks the phase transition from hadrons to quarks appears to vary slightly depending on the meson states. In this regard, we find that the quarkonium states, formed by a quark and its antiquark, are largely unaffected by variations in the temperature.

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Phys. Rev. C 114, 015207– Published 27 July, 2026
  • Received 21 December 2025
  • Revised 14 March 2026
  • Accepted 21 May 2026
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