We study the ordered moment direction in the extended Kitaev-Heisenberg model relevant to honeycomb lattice magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling. We utilize numerical diagonalization and analyze the exact cluster ground states using a particular set of spin-coherent states, obtaining thereby quantum corrections to the magnetic anisotropy beyond conventional perturbative methods. It is found that the quantum fluctuations strongly modify the moment direction obtained at a classical level and are thus crucial for a precise quantification of the interactions. The results show that the moment direction is a sensitive probe of the model parameters in real materials. Focusing on the experimentally relevant zigzag phases of the model, we analyze the currently available neutron-diffraction and resonant x-ray-diffraction data on ${\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{IrO}}_3$ and ${\mathrm{RuCl}}_3$ and discuss the parameter regimes plausible in these Kitaev-Heisenberg model systems.

A type-II superconductor survives in an external magnetic field by admitting an Abrikosov lattice of quantized vortices. This is an imprint of the Aharonov-Bohm effect created by the Abelian U(1) gauge field. The simplest non-Abelian analog of such a gauge field, which belongs to the SU(2) symmetry group, can be found in topological insulators. Here we discover a superconducting ground state with a lattice of SU(2) vortices in a simple two-dimensional model that presents an SU(2) “magnetic” field (invariant under time reversal) to attractively interacting fermions. The model directly captures the correlated topological insulator quantum well, and approximates one channel for instabilities on the Kondo topological insulator surface. Due to its simplicity, the model might become amenable to cold atom simulations in the foreseeable future. The vitality of low-energy vortex states born out of SU(2) magnetic fields is promising for the creation of incompressible vortex liquids with non-Abelian fractional excitations.

We consider the entanglement between two spatial subregions in the Lieb-Liniger model of bosons in one spatial dimension interacting via a contact interaction. Using ground-state path integral quantum Monte Carlo we numerically compute the Rényi entropy of the reduced density matrix of the subsystem as a measure of entanglement. Our numerical algorithm is based on a replica method previously introduced by the authors, which we extend to efficiently study the entanglement of spatial subsystems of itinerant bosons. We confirm a logarithmic scaling of the Rényi entropy with subsystem size that is expected from conformal field theory, and compute the nonuniversal subleading constant for interaction strengths ranging over two orders of magnitude. In the strongly interacting limit, we find agreement with the known free fermion result.

We study attractively interacting spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermions on the square lattice subject to a spin population imbalance. Using unbiased diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulations we find an extended region in the parameter space where the Fermi liquid is unstable towards formation of Cooper pairs with nonzero center-of-mass momentum, known as the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. In contrast to earlier mean-field and quasi-classical studies we provide quantitative and well-controlled predictions on the existence and location of the relevant Fermi-liquid instabilities. The highest temperature where the FFLO instability can be observed is about half of the superfluid transition temperature in the unpolarized system.

Approximations for the many-fermion free-energy density functional that include the Thomas-Fermi (TF) form for the noninteracting part lead to singular densities for singular external potentials (e.g., attractive Coulomb). This limitation of the TF approximation is addressed here by a formal map of the exact Euler equation for the density onto an equivalent TF form characterized by a modified Kohn-Sham potential. It is shown to be a “regularized” version of the Kohn-Sham potential, tempered by convolution with a finite-temperature response function. The resulting density is nonsingular, with the equilibrium properties obtained from the total free-energy functional evaluated at this density. This new representation is formally exact. Approximate expressions for the regularized potential are given to leading order in a nonlocality parameter, and the limiting behavior at high and low temperatures is described. The noninteracting part of the free energy in this approximation is the usual Thomas-Fermi functional. These results generalize and extend to finite temperatures the ground-state regularization by R. G. Parr and S. Ghosh [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 3577 (1986)] and by L. R. Pratt, G. G. Hoffman, and R. A. Harris [J. Chem. Phys. 88, 1818 (1988)] and formally systematize the finite-temperature regularization given by the latter authors.

We discuss a generalization of the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) for strongly correlated systems close to a Mott transition based on a systematic approximation of the fully irreducible four-point vertex. It is an atomic-limit approximation of a functional of the one- and two-particle Green functions, built with the second Legendre transform of the free energy with respect to the two-particle Green function. This functional is represented diagrammatically by four-particle irreducible (4PI) diagrams. Like the dynamical vertex approximation $\left(\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{A}\right)$, the fully irreducible vertex is computed from a quantum impurity model whose bath is self-consistently determined by solving the parquet equations. However, in contrast with $\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{A}$ and DMFT, the interaction term of the impurity model is also self-consistently determined. The method interpolates between the parquet approximation at weak coupling and the atomic limit, where it is exact. It is applicable to systems with short-range and long-range interactions.

Transverse spin angular momentum is an inherent feature of evanescent waves which may have applications in nanoscale optomechanics, spintronics, and quantum information technology due to the robust spin-directional coupling. Here we analyze local spin angular momentum density of hybrid surface waves propagating along anisotropic hyperbolic metasurfaces. We reveal that, in contrast to bulk plane waves and conventional surface plasmons at isotropic interfaces, the spin of the hybrid surface waves can be engineered to have an arbitrary angle with the propagation direction. This property allows us to tailor directivity of surface waves via the magnetic control of the spin projection of quantum emitters, and it can be useful for optically controlled spin transfer.

We study the potential of highly doped finite carbon nanotubes to serve as plasmonic elements that mediate the interaction between quantum emitters. Similar to graphene, nanotubes support intense plasmons that can be modulated by varying their level of electrical doping. These excitations exhibit large interaction with light and electron beams, as revealed upon examination of the corresponding light extinction cross-section and electron energy-loss spectra. We show that quantum emitters experience record-high Purcell factors, while they undergo strong mutual interaction mediated by their coupling to the tube plasmons. Our results show the potential of doped finite nanotubes as tunable plasmonic materials for quantum optics applications.

The significant role of interfacial coupling in the enhancement of superconductivity in FeSe films on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_3$ has been widely recognized, but the explicit origin of this coupling is yet to be identified. Here, by surface phonon measurements using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, we found the electric field generated by Fuchs-Kliewer (F-K) phonon modes of ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_3$ can penetrate into FeSe films and strongly interact with the electrons therein. The mode-specific electron-phonon coupling constant for the $\sim 92$ meV F-K phonon is $\sim 0.25$ in single-layer FeSe on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_3$. With increasing FeSe thickness, the penetrating field intensity decays exponentially, which matches well the observed exponential decay of the superconducting gap. It is unambiguously shown that the ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_3$ F-K phonon penetrating into FeSe is essential for interfacial superconductivity enhancement.

We study the dynamical magnetic susceptibility of a strongly correlated electronic system in the presence of a time-dependent hopping field, deriving a generalized Bethe-Salpeter equation that is valid also out of equilibrium. Focusing on the single-orbital Hubbard model within the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation, we solve the equation in the nonequilibrium adiabatic regime, obtaining a closed expression for the transverse magnetic susceptibility. From this, we provide a rigorous definition of nonequilibrium (time-dependent) magnon frequencies and exchange parameters, expressed in terms of nonequilibrium single-electron Green's functions and self-energies. In the particular case of equilibrium, we recover previously known results.

The spin excitations from the nonmagnetic charge-ordered insulating state of $\alpha -{\left(\mathrm{BEDT}-\mathrm{TTF}\right)}_2{\mathrm{I}}_3$ at ambient pressure have been investigated by probing the static and low-frequency dynamic spin susceptibilities via site-selective nuclear magnetic resonance at ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ sites. The site-dependent values of the shift and the spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ below the charge-ordering transition temperature ($T_{\mathrm{CO}}\approx 135\mathrm{K}$) demonstrate a spin density imbalance in the unit cell, in accord with the charge-density ratio reported earlier. The shift and $1/T_1$ show activated temperature dependence with a static (shift) gap ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\mathrm{S}}\approx 47-52\mathrm{meV}$ and a dynamic ($1/T_1$) gap ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\mathrm{R}}\approx 40\mathrm{meV}$. The sizes of the gaps are well described in terms of a localized spin model, where spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic dimer chains are weakly coupled with each other.

Pure spin currents in semiconductors are essential for implementation in the next generation of spintronic elements. Heterostructures of III-nitride semiconductors are currently employed as central building blocks for lighting and high-power devices. Moreover, the long relaxation times and the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in these materials indicate them as privileged hosts for spin currents and related phenomena. Spin pumping is an efficient mechanism for the inception of spin current and its conversion into charge current in nonmagnetic metals and semiconductors with Rashba SOC. We report on the generation at room temperature (RT) of pure spin current in nonmagnetic degenerate $n$-GaN:Si from a magnetic permalloy layer driven to ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) conditions. The FMR signal and the generated Hall voltages due to spin Hall effect, inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE), and spurious mechanisms are detected simultaneously. No spin-pumping-induced voltage could be measured below RT, despite the persistence of FMR signal. After eliminating the spurious (not due to ISHE) components contributing to the generated voltage, we find for $n$-GaN:Si a spin Hall angle ${\theta }_{\mathrm{SH}}=3.03\times {10}^{-3}$, exceeding by one order of magnitude those reported for other semiconductors, pointing at III-nitrides as particularly efficient spin current generators.

Simulations of diffusion in solids often produce poor statistics of diffusion events. We present an analytical expression for the statistical error in ion conductivity obtained in such simulations. The error expression is not restricted to any computational method in particular, but valid in the context of simulation of Poisson processes in general. This analytical error expression is verified numerically for the case of Gd-doped ceria by running a large number of kinetic Monte Carlo calculations.

Electronic devices based on graphene technology are catching on rapidly and the ability to engineer graphene properties at the nanoscale is becoming, more than ever, indispensable. Here, we present a procedure of graphene functionalization on SiC(0001) that paves the way towards the fabrication of complex graphene electronic chips. The procedure resides on the well-known ion-implantation technique. The efficiency of the working principle is demonstrated by the intercalation of the epitaxial graphene layer on SiC(0001) with Bi atoms, which was not possible following standard procedures. The investigation of the obtained graphene system reveals no clear spin-orbit coupling enhancement expected by theory in addition to the presence of residual structural defects. Our graphene/SiC(0001) intercalation procedure puts forward the ion-beam lithography to nanostructure and functionalize desired graphene chips.

In order to study the dependence of the coercive force of sintered magnets on temperature, nucleation and domain wall propagation at the grain boundary are studied as rate-determining processes of the magnetization reversal phenomena in magnets consisting of bulk hard magnetic grains contacting via grain boundaries of a soft magnetic material. These systems have been studied analytically for a continuum model at zero temperature [A. Sakuma et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 84, 52 (1990)]. In the present study, the temperature dependence is studied by making use of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation at finite temperatures. In particular, the threshold fields for nucleation and domain wall propagation are obtained as functions of ratios of magnetic interactions and anisotropies of the soft and hard magnets for various temperatures. It was found that the threshold field for domain wall propagation is robust against thermal fluctuations, while that for nucleation is fragile. The microscopic mechanisms of the observed temperature dependence are discussed.

Bistability in magnetism is extensively used, in particular for information storage. Here an alternative approach using tetrastable magnetic domains in one-dimensional (1D) spin systems is presented. Using numerical and analytical calculations, we show that a spin chain with a canting angle of π/4 possesses four energy-equivalent states. We discuss the static properties of this canted 1D system such as the profile and the energy of the domain walls as they govern the dynamics of the magnetization. The realization of this π/4 canted spin chain could enable the encoding of the information on four bits, which is a potential alternative toward the increase of storage density.

Bimagnetic nanoparticles have been proposed for the design of new materials with controlled properties, which requires a comprehensive investigation of their magnetic behavior due to multiple effects arising from their complex structure. In this work we fabricated bimagnetic core/shell nanoparticles formed by an $\sim 3$-nm antiferromagnetic (AFM) CoO core encapsulated within an $\sim 1.5$-nm ferrimagnetic (FiM) ${\mathrm{Co}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4$ shell, aiming at studying the enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy and the surface effects of a ferrimagnetic oxide shell. The magnetic properties of as-synthesized and annealed samples were analyzed by ac and dc magnetization measurements. The results indicate that the magnetic response of the as-synthesized particles is governed by the superparamagnetic behavior of the interacting nanoaggregates of spins that constitute the disordered ferrimagnetic shell, whose total moments block at $\langle T_B\rangle =49$ K and collectively freeze in a superspin-glass-type state at $\langle T_g\rangle =3$ K. On the other hand, annealed nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature and behave as an exchange-coupled system below the blocking temperature $\langle T_B\rangle =70$ K, with enhanced coercivity $H_C\left(10\text{K}\right)\sim 14.6$ kOe and exchange bias field $H_{EB}\left(10\text{K}\right)\sim 2.3$ kOe, compared with the as-synthesized system where $H_C\left(10\text{K}\right)\sim 5.5$ kOe and $H_{EB}\left(10\text{K}\right)\sim 0.8$ kOe. Our results, interpreted using different models for thermally activated and surface relaxation processes, can help clarify the complex magnetic behavior of many core/shell and hollow nanoparticle systems.

We experimentally investigate magnon polaritons arising in ferrimagnetic resonance experiments in a microwave cavity with a tunable quality factor. To this end, we simultaneously measure the electrically detected spin pumping signal and the microwave reflection (the ferrimagnetic resonance signal) of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG)/platinum (Pt) bilayer in the microwave cavity. The coupling strength of the fundamental magnetic resonance mode and the cavity is determined from the microwave reflection data. All features of the magnetic resonance spectra predicted by first principle calculations and an input-output formalism agree with our experimental observations. By changing the decay rate of the cavity at constant magnon-photon coupling rate, we experimentally tune in and out of the strong coupling regime and successfully model the corresponding change of the spin pumping signal and microwave reflection. Furthermore, we observe the coupling and spin pumping of several spin wave modes and provide a quantitative analysis of their coupling rates to the cavity.

Motivated by the existing controversy about the physical mechanisms that govern longitudinal magnetization dynamics under the effect of ultrafast laser pulses, in this paper we study the microscopic model of longitudinal spin excitations in a two-sublattice ferrimagnet using the diagrammatic technique for spin operators. The diagrammatic approach provides us with an efficient procedure to derive graphical representations for perturbation expansion series for different spin Green's functions and thus to overcome limitations typical for phenomenological approaches. The infinite series involving all distinct loops built from spin wave propagators are summed up. These result in an expression for the longitudinal spin susceptibility ${\chi }^{zz}(\mathbf{q},\omega )$ applicable in all regions of frequency $\omega$ and wave vector q space beyond the hydrodynamical and critical regimes. A strong renormalization of the longitudinal spin oscillations due to processes of virtual creation and annihilation of transverse spin waves has been found. We have shown that the spectrum of longitudinal excitations consists of a quasirelaxation mode forming a central peak in ${\chi }^{zz}(\mathbf{q},\omega )$ and two (acoustic and exchange) precessionlike modes. As the main result, it is predicted that both acoustic and exchange longitudinal excitations are energetically above similar modes of transverse spin waves at the same temperature and wave vector. The existence of the exchange longitudinal mode at such frequencies can result in a new form of excitation behavior in ferrimagnetic system, which could be important for understanding the physics of nonequilibrium magnetic dynamics under the effect of ultrafast laser pulses in multisublattice magnetic materials.