When a magnetic field is applied on a conventional type-II superconductor, the superconducting state gets destroyed at the upper critical field, ${H_c}_2$, where the normal vortex cores overlap with each other. Here, we show that in the presence of weak and homogeneous disorder the destruction of superconductivity with the magnetic field follows a different route. Starting with a weakly disordered NbN thin film $(T_c\sim 9\mathrm{K})$, we show that under the application of a magnetic field the superconducting state becomes increasingly granular, where regions filled with chains of vortices separate the superconducting islands. Consequently, phase fluctuations between these islands give rise to a field induced pseudogap state, which has a gap in the electronic density of states, but where the global zero resistance state is destroyed.

Disorder effects are especially pronounced around nodal points in linearly dispersing band structures as present in graphene or Weyl semimetals. Despite the enormous experimental and numerical progress, even a simple quantity like the average density of states cannot be assessed quantitatively by analytical means. We demonstrate how this important problem can be solved employing the functional renormalization group method, and, for the two-dimensional case, we demonstrate excellent agreement with reference data from numerical simulations based on tight-binding models. In three dimensions our analytic results also improve drastically on existing approaches.

We report an analytical theory of linear emission of exchange spin waves from a Bloch domain wall, excited by a uniform microwave magnetic field. The problem is reduced to a one-dimensional Schrödinger-like equation with a Pöschl-Teller potential and a driving term of the same profile. The emission of plane spin waves is observed at excitation frequencies above a threshold value, as a result of a linear process. The height-to-width aspect ratio of the Pöschl-Teller profile for a domain wall is found to correspond to a local maximum of the emission efficiency. Furthermore, for a tailored Pöschl-Teller potential with a variable aspect ratio, particular values of the latter can lead to enhanced or even completely suppressed emission.

We present a thorough analysis of the interplay of magnetic moment and the Jahn-Teller effect in the ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_8$ cubic multiplet. We find that in the presence of the dynamical Jahn-Teller effect, the Zeeman interaction remains isotropic, whereas the $g$ and $G$ factors can change their signs. The static Jahn-Teller distortion also can change the sign of these $g$ factors as well as the nature of the magnetic anisotropy. Combining the theory with state-of-the-art ab initio calculations, we analyzed the magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Np}}^{4+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{4+}$ impurity ions in a cubic environment. The calculated $g$ factors of the ${\mathrm{Np}}^{4+}$ impurity agree well with experimental data. The ab initio calculation predicts a strong Jahn-Teller effect in ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{4+}$ ion in the cubic environment and the strong vibronic reduction of $g$ and $G$ factors.

We study the dynamics of the Bogoliubov wave packet in superconductors and calculate the supercurrent carried by the wave packet. We discover an anomalous contribution to the supercurrent, related to the quantum metric of the Bloch wave function. This anomalous contribution is most important for flat or quasiflat bands, as exemplified by the attractive Hubbard models on the Creutz ladder and sawtooth lattice. Our theoretical framework is general and can be used to study a wide variety of phenomena, such as spin transport and exciton transport.

We report the growth of heavily electron doped Li-${\mathrm{NH}}_3$ intercalated FeSe single crystals that are free of material complexities and allow access to the intrinsic superconducting properties. ${\mathrm{Li}}_x{\left({\mathrm{NH}}_3\right)}_y{\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\mathrm{Se}}_2$ single crystals show extremely large electronic anisotropy in both normal and superconducting states. They also exhibit anomalous transport properties in the normal state, which are believed to possibly be related to the anisotropy of relaxation time and/or temperature-dependent electron carrier concentration. Taking into account the great chemical flexibility of intercalants in the system, our findings provide a platform to understanding the origin of superconductivity in FeSe-related superconductors.

We study the zero temperature phase diagram of an imbalanced bilayer of dipolar fermions. We consider perpendicularly aligned identical dipoles in two layers and investigate the effect of population imbalance on the ground state phase at different layer spacings and average densities. The attractive part of the interlayer interaction could lead to the BEC-BCS crossover and the Fermi surface mismatch between two layers results in interesting uniform and nonuniform superfluid phases, which we have investigated here using the BCS mean-field theory together with the superfluid-mass density criterion. The density imbalance reduces the pairing gap. At low densities, where the system is on the BEC side of the crossover, this reduction is quite smooth while a dense system rapidly becomes normal at intermediate density polarizations. Stable homogeneous superfluidity is predicted to appear on the phase diagram when the dipolar length exceeds both the layer spacing and the average intralayer distance between dipoles, a regime which should be readily accessible experimentally. This homogeneous superfluid phase becomes unstable at intermediate densities and layer spacings. We have also examined that these uniform and inhomogeneous superfluid phases survive when the effects of intralayer screenings are also incorporated in the formalism.

We study the superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition in disordered Josephson-junction chains. To this end, we derive the field theory from the lattice model that describes a chain of superconducting islands with a capacitive coupling to the ground ($C_0$) as well as between the islands ($C_1$). We analyze the theory in the short-range ($C_1\ll C_0$) and in the long-range ($C_1\gg C_0$) limits. The transition to the insulating state is driven by the proliferation of quantum phase slips. The most important source of disorder originates from trapped charges in the substrate that suppress the coherence of phase slips, thus favoring superconducting correlations. Using the renormalization-group approach, we determine the phase diagram and evaluate the temperature dependence of the dc conductivity and system-size dependence of the resistance around the superconductor-insulator transition. These dependences have in general strongly nonmonotonic character, with several distinct regimes reflecting an intricate interplay of superconductivity and disorder.

By applying the Wannier-based extended Kugel-Khomskii model, we carry out first-principles calculations and electronic structure analysis to understand the spin-phonon coupling effect in transition-metal perovskites. We demonstrate the successful application of our approach to ${\mathrm{SrMnO}}_3$ and ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_3$. We show that both the electron orbitals under crystal-field splitting and the electronic configuration should be taken into account in order to understand the large variances of spin-phonon coupling effects among various phonon modes as well as in different materials.

The density correlations of some singular Fermi liquids with anomalous properties such as resistivity varying linearly with $T$ at low temperatures and a $TlogT$ contribution to the entropy and thermopower are expected to be quite different from that in Landau Fermi liquids. A possible statistical mechanical model for the quantum-critical fluctuations in diverse systems with such properties is the 2D dissipative quantum XY model. Exact relations between the density correlations and singular irreducible vertices due to coupling of fermions to the topological excitations of the 2D dissipative quantum XY model are used to derive results which have become measurable only recently because of advances in experimental techniques. The density correlations are unusual at all momenta $\mathbf{q}$ and energy $\omega$, from the hydrodynamic limit to that for large momenta and energy. The hydrodynamic limit together with the continuity equation gives the linear in $T$ resistivity. The density correlations are almost independent of frequency up to a high-frequency cutoff for $q_{ZB}\gtrsim q\gg \omega /v_F$; $q_{ZB}$ is the Brillouin zone boundary and $v_F$ is the Fermi velocity. The results should be applicable to loop-current quantum criticality in cuprates, and to 2D Fe-based compounds near their antiferromagnetic quantum criticality. The relation of the results to the temperature and frequency dependent conductivity and to Raman response is also discussed.

We theoretically study the impact of impurities on the photogalvanic effect (PGE) in Weyl semimetals with weakly tilted Weyl cones. Our calculations are based on a two-nodes model with an inversion symmetry breaking offset and we employ a kinetic equation approach in which both optical transitions as well as particle-hole excitations near the Fermi energy can be taken into account. We focus on the parameter regime with a single photoactive node and control the calculation in small impurity concentration. Internode scattering is treated generically and therefore our results allow us to continuously interpolate between the cases of short-range and long-range impurities. We find that the time evolution of the circular PGE may be nonmonotonic for intermediate internode scattering. Furthermore, we show that the tilt vector introduces three additional linearly independent components to the steady-state photocurrent. Amongst them, the photocurrent in direction of the tilt takes a particular role inasmuch it requires elastic internode scattering or inelastic intranode scattering to be relaxed. It may therefore be dominant. The tilt also generates skew scattering which leads to a current component perpendicular to both the incident light and the tilt. We extensively discuss our findings and comment on the possible experimental implications.

We demonstrate a concept for the giant enhancement of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE), with amplitudes reaching the maximum theoretical values of $\pm 1$. The concept exploits the strong electromagnetic field localization in $\varepsilon$-near-zero metamaterials to excite surface plasmon resonances with no need of a prism or grating coupler, thus opening routes for magneto-optical devices amenable to miniaturization. A demonstration of the capability of the enhancement mechanism is presented in which giant TMOKE values can be used for sensing and biosensing.

We study the competition between Kondo screening and frustrated magnetism on the nonsymmorphic Shastry-Sutherland Kondo lattice at a filling of two conduction electrons per unit cell. This model is known to host a set of gapless partially Kondo screened phases intermediate between the Kondo-destroyed paramagnet and the heavy Fermi liquid. Based on crystal symmetries, we argue that (i) both the paramagnet and the heavy Fermi liquid are semimetals protected by a glide symmetry; and (ii) partial Kondo screening breaks the symmetry, removing this protection and allowing the partially Kondo screened phase to be deformed into a Kondo insulator via a Lifshitz transition. We confirm these results using large-$N$ mean-field theory and then use nonperturbative arguments to derive a generalized Luttinger sum rule constraining the phase structure of two-dimensional nonsymmorphic Kondo lattices beyond the mean-field limit.

At low temperatures in ultraclean GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunctions, high Landau levels near half-integral filling break rotational symmetry, leading to increasingly anisotropic transport properties as temperature is lowered below $\sim 150\mathrm{mK}$. While the onset of transport anisotropy is well described by an XY model of an electron nematic in the presence of a weak uniform symmetry-breaking term, the low-temperature behavior deviates significantly from this model. We find that inclusion of interactions between the electron nematic and the underlying crystalline lattice in the form of a fourfold symmetry-breaking term is sufficient to describe the entire temperature dependence of the transport anisotropy at $\nu =9/2$. This implies that this electron nematic is in the Ising universality class. We propose new experimental tests that can distinguish whether any two-dimensional electron nematic is in the XY or Ising universality class.

We demonstrate that a zero-energy Majorana bound state in a ferromagnetic insulator (FI)-superconductor (SC) junction formed on the edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator exhibits three types of spin-triplet pairing correlations, its spin-polarization direction is position independent in a ferromagnetic insulator, and demonstrates a spin-helix structure in a superconductor. These spin properties of Majorana bound states lead to anomalous selective equal-spin Andreev reflection. Similar behavior is found when the coupling between two Majorana bound states in a FI-SC-FI junction is invoked, though an additional weak spin-singlet pairing correlation is generated. These signatures can readily facilitate the experimental detection of spin-triplet correlations and spin polarization of Majorana bound states.

We consider a quantum wire containing two Majorana bound states (MBS) at its ends that are tunnel-coupled to a current lead on one side and to a quantum dot (QD) on the other side. Using the method of full counting statistics we calculate the conductance and the zero-frequency noise. Using an effective low-energy model, we analyze in detail the Andreev reflection probability as a function of the various system parameters and show that it exhibits a Fano resonance (FR) line shape in the case of a weakly coupled QD as a function of the QD energy level when the two MBS overlap. The asymmetry parameter changes sign as the bias voltage is tuned through the MBS overlap energy. The FR is mirrored as a function of the QD level energy as long as tunneling from the dot to the more distant MBS is negligible. However, if both MBS are coupled to the lead and the QD, the height as well as the asymmetry of the line shapes cease to respect this symmetry. These two exclusive cases uniquely distinguish the coupling to a MBS from the coupling to a fermionic bound state that is shared between the two MBS. We complement the analysis by employing a discretized one-dimensional $p$-wave superconductor (Kitaev chain) for the quantum wire and show that the features of the effective low-energy model are robust towards a more complete Hamiltonian and also persist at finite temperature.

Robust zero-bias transport anomalies in semiconducting nanowires with proximity-induced superconductivity have been convincingly demonstrated in various experiments. While these are compatible with the existence of Majorana zero modes at the ends of the nanowire, a direct proof of their nonlocality and topological protection is now needed. Here we show that a quantum dot at the end of the nanowire may be used as a powerful spectroscopic tool to quantify the degree of Majorana nonlocality through a local transport measurement. Moreover, the spin polarization of dot subgap states at singlet-doublet transitions in the Coulomb blockade regime allows the dot to directly probe the spin structure of the Majorana wave function and indirectly measure the spin-orbit coupling of the nanowire.

GeTe is a prototypical phase-change material employed in data storage devices. In this work, the atomic structure of liquid GeTe is studied by x-ray and neutron diffraction in the temperature range from 1197 to 998 K. The dynamic viscosity is measured from 1273 to 953 K, which is 55 K below the solidification point, using an oscillating-cup viscometer. The density of liquid GeTe between 1293 and 973 K is determined by the high-energy $\gamma$-ray attenuation method. The experiments are complemented with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Compatibility of the AIMD-DFT models with the diffraction data is proven by simultaneous fitting of all data sets in the frame of the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique. It is shown that octahedral order dominates in liquid GeTe, although tetrahedral structures are also present. The viscosity of the equilibrium and weakly undercooled liquid GeTe obeys the Arrhenius law with a small activation energy of the order of 0.3 eV, which is indicative of a highly fragile liquid. The calculated density of states and electronic wave functions point to the existence of a pseudogap and localized electron states within the gap in the equilibrium liquid near the melting point as well as in the undercooled liquid.

The development of advanced spintronics devices hinges on the efficient generation and utilization of pure spin current. In materials with large spin-orbit coupling, the spin Hall effect may convert charge current to pure spin current, and a large conversion efficiency, which is quantified by spin Hall angle (SHA), is desirable for the realization of miniaturized and energy-efficient spintronic devices. Here, we report a giant SHA in beta-tungsten (β-W) thin films in $\mathrm{Sub}\text{/}\mathrm{W}\left(t\right)\text{/}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}_{20}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}\left(3\mathrm{nm}\right)\text{/}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_2\left(2\mathrm{nm}\right)$ heterostructures with variable W thickness. We employed an all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope for an unambiguous determination of SHA using the principle of modulation of Gilbert damping of the adjacent ferromagnetic layer by the spin-orbit torque from the W layer. A nonmonotonic variation of SHA with W layer thickness ($t$) is observed with a maximum of about 0.4 at about $t=3\mathrm{nm}$, followed by a sudden reduction to a very low value at $t=6\mathrm{nm}$. This variation of SHA with W thickness correlates well with the thickness-dependent structural phase transition and resistivity variation of W above the spin-diffusion length of W, while below this length the interfacial electronic effect at W/CoFeB influences the estimation of SHA.

The chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals states that the left- and right-handed Weyl fermions, constituting the low energy description, are not individually conserved, resulting, for example, in a negative magnetoresistance in such materials. Recent experiments see strong indications of such an anomalous resistance response; however, with a response that at strong fields is more sharply peaked for parallel magnetic and electric fields than expected from simple theoretical considerations. Here, we uncover a mechanism, arising from the interplay between the angle-dependent Landau-level structure and long-range scalar disorder, that has the same phenomenology. In particular, we analytically show, and numerically confirm, that the internode scattering time decreases exponentially with the angle between the magnetic field and the Weyl node separation in the large field limit, while it is insensitive to this angle at weak magnetic fields. Since, in the simplest approximation, the internode scattering time is proportional to the anomaly-related conductivity, this feature may be related to the experimental observations of a sharply peaked magnetoresistance.