Employing first-principles calculations we predict magnetization reorientation in FeRh films epitaxially grown on ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_3$ by reversing the electric polarization or applying the strain effect, which is associated with the recently discovered voltage-induced interfacial magnetic-phase transition by R. O. Cherifi et al. [Nat. Mater. 13, 345 (2014)]. We propose that this transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase is the results of the mutual mechanisms of the polarization-reversal-induced volume/strain expansion in the interfacial FeRh layers and the competition between direct and indirect exchange interactions. These mechanisms are mainly driven by the ferroelectrically driven hybridization between Fe and Ti $3d$ orbital states at the interface. Such a strong hybridization can further involve Rh $4d$ states with large spin-orbit coupling, which, rather than the Fe $3d$ orbitals, is responsible for magnetization reorientation at the magnetic-phase transition. These findings point toward the feasibility of electric field control of magnetization switching associated with the magnetic-phase transition in an antiferromagnet structure.

Magnetic systems with spins sitting on a lattice of corner sharing regular tetrahedra have been particularly prolific for the discovery of new magnetic states for the last two decades. The pyrochlore compounds have offered the playground for these studies, while little attention has been comparatively devoted to other compounds where the rare earth $R$ occupies the same sublattice, e.g., the spinel chalcogenides $\mathrm{Cd}{R}_2{X}_4$ ($X=\mathrm{S}$ or $\mathrm{Se}$). Here, we report measurements performed on powder samples of this series with $R=\mathrm{Yb}$ using specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, neutron diffraction, and muon-spin-relaxation measurements. The two compounds are found to be magnetically similar. They long-range order into structures described by the ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_5$ irreducible representation. The magnitude of the magnetic moment at low temperature is 0.77 (1) and 0.62 (1) ${\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$ for $X=\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{Se}$, respectively. Persistent spin dynamics is present in the ordered states. The spontaneous field at the muon site is anomalously small, suggesting magnetic moment fragmentation. A double spin-flip tunneling relaxation mechanism is suggested in the cooperative paramagnetic state up to 10 K. The magnetic space groups into which magnetic moments of systems of corner-sharing regular tetrahedra order are provided for a number of insulating compounds characterized by null propagation wave vectors.

We study the sensitivity of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states, bound states that form around magnetic scatterers in superconductors, to the presence of nonmagnetic disorder in both two and three dimensional systems. We formulate a scattering approach to this problem and reduce the effects of disorder to two contributions: disorder-induced normal reflection and a random phase of the amplitude for Andreev reflection. We find that both of these are small even for moderate amounts of disorder. In the dirty limit in which the disorder-induced mean free path is smaller than the superconducting coherence length, the variance of the energy of the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov state remains small in the ratio of the Fermi wavelength and the mean free path. This effect is more pronounced in three dimensions, where only impurities within a few Fermi wavelengths of the magnetic scatterer contribute. In two dimensions the energy variance is larger by a logarithmic factor because impurities contribute up to a distance of the order of the superconducting coherence length.

Condensed-matter systems that simultaneously exhibit superconductivity and ferromagnetism are rare due the antagonistic relationship between conventional spin-singlet superconductivity and ferromagnetic order. In materials in which superconductivity and magnetic order are known to coexist (such as some heavy-fermion materials), the superconductivity is thought to be of an unconventional nature. Recently, the conducting gas that lives at the interface between the perovskite band insulators ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_3$ (LAO) and ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_3$ (STO) has also been shown to host both superconductivity and magnetism. Most previous research has focused on LAO/STO samples in which the interface is on the (001) crystal plane. Relatively little work has focused on the (111) crystal orientation, which has hexagonal symmetry at the interface, and has been predicted to have potentially interesting topological properties, including unconventional superconducting pairing states. Here we report measurements of the magnetoresistance of (111) LAO/STO heterostructures at temperatures at which they are also superconducting. As with the (001) structures, the magnetoresistance is hysteretic, indicating the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity, but in addition, we find that this magnetoresistance is anisotropic. Such an anisotropic response is completely unexpected in the superconducting state and suggests that (111) LAO/STO heterostructures may support unconventional superconductivity.

We report the temperature-pressure phase diagram of ${\mathrm{CaKFe}}_4{\mathrm{As}}_4$ established using high-pressure electrical resistivity, magnetization, and high-energy x-ray diffraction measurements up to 6 GPa. With increasing pressure, both resistivity and magnetization data show that the bulk superconducting transition of ${\mathrm{CaKFe}}_4{\mathrm{As}}_4$ is suppressed and then disappears at $p\gtrsim 4$ GPa. High-pressure x-ray data clearly indicate a phase transition to a collapsed tetragonal phase in ${\mathrm{CaKFe}}_4{\mathrm{As}}_4$ under pressure that coincides with the abrupt loss of bulk superconductivity near 4 GPa. The x-ray data, combined with resistivity data, indicate that the collapsed tetragonal transition line is essentially independent of pressure, occurring at 4.0(5) GPa for temperatures below 150 K. Density functional theory calculations also find a sudden transition to a collapsed tetragonal state near 4 GPa, as As-As bonding develops across the Ca layer. Bonding across the K layer only occurs for $p\ge 12$ GPa. These findings demonstrate a different type of collapsed tetragonal phase in ${\mathrm{CaKFe}}_4{\mathrm{As}}_4$ as compared to ${\mathrm{CaFe}}_2{\mathrm{As}}_2$: a half-collapsed tetragonal phase.

We study the localization aspects of a kicked noninteracting one-dimensional (1D) quantum system subject to either time-periodic or nonperiodic pulses. These are reflected as sudden changes of the on-site energies in the lattice with different modulations in real space. When the modulation of the kick is incommensurate with the lattice spacing, and the kicks are periodic, a well known dynamical localization in real space is recovered for large kick amplitudes and frequencies. We explore the universality class of this transition and also test the robustness of localization under deviations from the perfect periodic case. We show that delocalization ultimately sets in and a diffusive spreading of an initial wave packet is obtained when the aperiodicity of the driving is introduced.

We investigate the dynamics of Fe adatoms and dimers deposited on the Cu(111) metallic surface in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, within time-dependent density functional theory. The ab initio results provide material-dependent parameters that can be used in semiclassical approaches, which are used for insightful interpretations of the excitation modes. By manipulating the surroundings of the magnetic elements, we show that elliptical precessional motion may be induced through the modification of the magnetic anisotropy energy. We also demonstrate how different kinds of spin precession are realized, considering the symmetry of the magnetic anisotropy energy, the ferro- or antiferromagnetic nature of the exchange coupling between the impurities, and the strength of the magnetic damping. In particular, the normal modes of a dimer depend on the initial magnetic configuration, changing drastically by going from a ferromagnetic metastable state to the antiferromagnetic ground state. By taking into account the effect of the damping into their resonant frequencies, we reveal that an important contribution arises for strongly biaxial systems and specially for the antiferromagnetic dimers with large exchange couplings. Counterintuitively, our results indicate that the magnetic damping influences the quantum fluctuations by decreasing the zero-point energy of the system.

Interface Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (iDMIs) in interlayer exchange coupled (IEC) Pt/${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}$(1.12 nm)/Ru/${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}$(1.12 nm) systems have been studied theoretically and experimentally. A vibrating sample magnetometer has been used to measure their magnetization at saturation and their interlayer exchange coupling constants. The latter are found to be of an antiferromagnetic nature for the investigated Ru range thickness ($0.5\text{–}1\mathrm{nm}$). Their dynamic magnetic properties were studied using the Brillouin light scattering (BLS) technique. The BLS measurements reveal pronounced nonreciprocal spin-wave propagation. In contrast to the calculations for symmetrical IEC CoFeB layers, this experimental nonreciprocity is Ru thickness and thus coupling strength dependent. Therefore, to explain the experimental behavior, a theoretical model based on the perpendicular interface anisotropy difference between the bottom and top CoFeB layers has been developed. We show that the Ru thickness dependence of the spin-wave nonreciprocity is well reproduced by considering a constant iDMI and different perpendicular interfacial anisotropy fields between the top and bottom CoFeB layers. This anisotropy difference has been confirmed by the investigation of the CoFeB thickness dependence of the effective magnetization of Pt/CoFeB/Ru and Ru/CoFeB/MgO individual layers, where a linear behavior has been observed.

Deterministic all-optical control of magnetization without an applied magnetic field has been reported for various materials such as ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic thin films, as well as granular recording media. Here we demonstrate optical control of the magnetic configuration of an antiferromagnetic layer through the exchange bias interaction using the helicity of a femtosecond pulsed laser on $\mathrm{IrMn}/{\left[\mathrm{Co}/\mathrm{Pt}\right]}_{\mathrm{xN}}$ antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic heterostructures. We show that the magnitude and the sign of the exchange bias field can be deterministically controlled without any applied magnetic field, only by changing the helicity of the light, the laser fluence, or the number of light pulses. We also present the combined effects of laser pulses with an applied magnetic field. This study lays the foundation for the development of new applications based on spintronic devices where the exchange bias phenomenon is routinely used to pin the magnetization orientation of a magnetic layer in one direction.

${\mathrm{CsFeBr}}_3$ is an $S=1$ hexagonal antiferromagnet that has a singlet ground state owing to its large easy-plane single-ion anisotropy. The critical behavior of the magnetic-field-induced phase transition for a magnetic field parallel to the $c$ axis, which can be described by the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons under the $U\left(1\right)$ symmetry, was investigated via magnetization and specific heat measurements down to 0.1 K. For the specific heat measurement, we have developed a method of effectively suppressing the torque acting on a sample with strong anisotropy that uses the spin dimer compound ${\mathrm{Ba}}_2{\mathrm{CoSi}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_6{\mathrm{Cl}}_2$ with large and anisotropic Van Vleck paramagnetism. The temperature dependence of the transition field $H_{\mathrm{c}}\left(T\right)$ was found to follow the power-law $H_{\mathrm{c}}\left(T\right)-H_{\mathrm{c}}\propto T^{\varphi }$ with a critical exponent of $\varphi =1.50\pm 0.02$ and critical field of $H_{\mathrm{c}}=2.60\mathrm{T}$. This result verifies the universality of the three-dimensional BEC of magnons described by ${\varphi }_{\mathrm{BEC}}=3/2$.

We describe a method for calculating the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) response—including the dynamics of the transient core hole—of many-body systems with nontrivial gap structure encoded in their single particle Green's function. Our approach introduces auxiliary fermions in order to obtain a form amenable to the determinant method of Benjamin et al., [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 247002 (2014)], and is applicable to systems where interactions are most strongly felt through a renormalization of the single particle propagator. As a test case we consider the Yang-Rice-Zhang ansatz for cuprate phenomena in the underdoped “pseudogap” regime, which remains a popular tool for interpreting the results of experimental probes. We show that taking the core hole dynamics into account for a system described by this ansatz pushes the RIXS peaks towards higher energy transfer, improving agreement with experiments.

Magnetic anisotropy in strontium iridate ($\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_2\mathrm{Ir}{\mathrm{O}}_4$) is found to be large because of the strong spin-orbit interactions. In our work, we studied the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_2\mathrm{Ir}{\mathrm{O}}_4$ and traced the anisotropic exchange interactions between the isospins in the crystal. The magnetic-field–dependent torque τ($H$) showed a prominent transition from the canted antiferromagnetic state to the weak ferromagnetic (WFM) state. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to examine the isotropic and anisotropic regimes and probe the easy magnetization axis along the $ab$ plane. The angle-dependent torque τ(θ) revealed a deviation from the sinusoidal behavior, and small differences in hysteresis were observed around 0° and 90° in the low-magnetic-field regime. This indicates that the orientation of the easy axis of the FM component is along the $b$ axis, where the antiferromagnetic to WFM spin-flop transition occurs. We compared the coefficients of the magnetic susceptibility tensors and captured the anisotropy of the material. The in-plane τ(θ) revealed a tendency toward isotropic behavior for fields with values above the field value of the WFM transition.

Unconventional fermions with high degeneracies in three dimensions beyond Weyl and Dirac fermions have sparked tremendous interest in condensed matter physics. Here, we study quantum Hall effects (QHEs) in a two-dimensional unconventional fermion system with a pair of gapped spin-1 fermions. We find that the original unlimited number of zero-energy Landau levels in the gapless case develops into a series of bands, leading to a novel QHE phenomenon where the Hall conductance first decreases (or increases) to 0 and then revives as an infinite ladder of fine staircase when the Fermi surface is moved toward zero energy, and it suddenly reverses, with its sign being flipped, due to a Van Hove singularity when the Fermi surface is moved across 0. We further investigate the peculiar QHEs in a dice model with a pair of spin-1 fermions, which agree well with the results of the continuous model.

We report on experimental observation of optical emission of graphene induced by an intense terahertz (THz) pulse. P-doped chemical-vapor-deposition graphene with an initial Fermi energy of about 200 meV was used; optical photons were detected in the 2.0–3.5 eV range. Emission started when the THz field amplitude exceeded 100 kV/cm. For the THz fields from 200 to 300 kV/cm, the temperature of optical radiation was constant, while the number of emitted photons increased by several dozen times. This fact clearly indicates multiplication of electron-hole pairs induced by an external field and not electron heating. The experimental data are in good agreement with the theory of Landau-Zener interband transitions. It is shown theoretically that Landau-Zener transitions are possible even in the case of heavily doped graphene because the strong THz field removes quasiparticles from the region of interband transitions for several femtoseconds, which cancels the Pauli blocking effect.

We study heat radiation and heat transfer for pointlike particles in a system of other objects. Starting from exact many-body expressions found from scattering theory and fluctuational electrodynamics, we find that transfer and radiation for point particles are given in terms of the Green's function of the system in the absence of the point particles. These general expressions contain no approximation for the surrounding objects. As an application, we compute the heat transfer between two point particles in the presence of a sphere of arbitrary size and show that the transfer is enhanced by several orders of magnitude through the presence of the sphere, depending on the materials. Furthermore, we compute the heat emission of a point particle in front of a planar mirror. Finally, we show that a particle placed inside a spherical mirror cavity does not radiate energy.

An infinite chain of driven-dissipative condensate spins with uniform nearest-neighbor coherent coupling is solved analytically and investigated numerically. Above a critical occupation threshold the condensates undergo spontaneous spin bifurcation (becoming magnetized) forming a binary chain of spin-up or spin-down states. Minimization of the bifurcation threshold determines the magnetic order as a function of the coupling strength. This allows control of multiple magnetic orders via adiabatic (slow ramping of) pumping. In addition to ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordered states we show the formation of a paired-spin ordered state $\left|\cdots \uparrow \uparrow \downarrow \downarrow \cdots \right.\rangle$ as a consequence of the phase degree of freedom between condensates.

A family of semiconductors called Chern band insulators are shown to host exciton bands with nonzero topological Chern integers and chiral exciton edge modes. Using a prototypical two-band Chern insulator model, we calculate a cross-correlation function to obtain the exciton bands and their Chern integers. The lowest exciton band acquires Chern integers such as $\pm 1$ and $\pm 2$ in the electronic Chern insulator phase. The nontrivial topology can be experimentally observed both by a nonlocal optoelectronic response of exciton edge modes and by a phase shift in the cross-correlation response due to the bulk mode. Our result suggests that magnetically doped HgTe, InAs/GaSb quantum wells, and ${\text{(Bi,Sb)}}_2{\text{Te}}_3$ thin films are promising candidates for a platform of topological excitonics.

We present detailed analyses of magnetoconductivities in a Weyl semimetal within the Born and self-consistent Born approximations. In the presence of charged impurities, linear magnetoresistance can occur when the charge carriers are mainly from the zeroth ($n=0$) Landau level. Interestingly, the linear magnetoresistance is very robust against changes of temperature as long as the charge carriers come mainly from the zeroth Landau level. We denote this parameter regime as the high-field regime. On the other hand, the linear magnetoresistance disappears once the charge carriers from the higher Landau levels can provide notable contributions. Our analysis indicates that the deviation from linear magnetoresistance is mainly due to the deviation of the longitudinal conductivity from $1/B$ behavior. We found two important features of the self-energy approximation: (i) A dramatic jump of ${\sigma }_{xx}$, when the $n=1$ Landau level begins to contribute charge carriers, which is the beginning point of the middle-field regime, when decreasing the external magnetic field from high field; (ii) in the low-field regime, ${\sigma }_{xx}$ exhibits $B^{-5/3}$ behavior, causing the magnetoresistance ${\rho }_{xx}$ to exhibit $B^{1/3}$ behavior. A detailed and careful numerical calculation indicates that the self-energy approximation (including both the Born and the self-consistent Born approximations) does not explain the recent experimental observation of linear magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetals.

Integration between magnetism and topology is an exotic phenomenon in condensed-matter physics. Here, we propose an exotic phase named topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state, in which antiferromagnetism intrinsically integrates with nontrivial topology, and we suggest such a state can be realized in tetragonal FeS. A combination of first-principles calculations and symmetry analyses shows that the topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state arises from band reconstruction induced by pair checkerboard antiferromagnetic order together with band-gap opening induced by intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in tetragonal FeS. The topological crystalline antiferromagnetic state is protected by the product of fractional translation symmetry, mirror symmetry, and time-reversal symmetry, and presents some unique features. In contrast to strong topological insulators, the topological robustness is surface dependent. These findings indicate that nontrivial topological states could emerge in pure antiferromagnetic materials, which sheds new light on potential applications of topological properties in fast-developing antiferromagnetic spintronics.