Fe3GeTe2 is a prototypical metallic van der Waals ferromagnet with itinerant magnetism and a highly tunable Curie temperature, yet how electronic excitations couple to spin and lattice degrees of freedom across its magnetic transition remains largely unexplored. Here, we use two-color pump–probe reflectivity to investigate the coupled electronic, spin, and lattice dynamics. The time-resolved reflectivity exhibits a tri-exponential relaxation, in which the intermediate component shows an anomaly near the Curie temperature due to enhanced interlayer spin-lattice interactions, while the slowest component displays pronounced critical slowing down with an exponent of ≃0.3, revealing non-universal relaxation dynamics associated with intralayer spin correlations. Furthermore, we observe an emergent nonequilibrium A1g phonon Fano asymmetry that is suppressed in the ferromagnetic phase but anomalously enhanced in the paramagnetic regime, driven by thermally activated anharmonic decay pathways that bridge the kinematic gap to a hot electronic continuum. The pronounced enhancement of the acoustic strain pulse amplitude near Tc further evidences robust magnetoelastic coupling. Overall, our results reveal how magnetic order governs the interplay among critical spin dynamics, electronic continuum excitations, and lattice response in metallic van der Waals ferromagnets.