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    Evidence for interior-gap pair density wave state in Kondo-Heisenberg chains

    Yuto Hirose1, Shunsuke C. Furuya2,3, and Yasuhiro Tada1,3,*

    • *Contact author: ytada@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 154506 – Published 11 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ytny-539d

    Abstract

    Interior-gap superconductivity has long been discussed as an exotic paired state in the presence of Fermi-surface mismatch, but its realization in canonical strongly correlated models has remained elusive. Here we present evidence that the superconducting phase of one-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg models realizes an interior-gap pair density wave (PDW) state generated by strong correlations. Combining infinite density-matrix-renormalization-group (iDMRG) and finite DMRG calculations for S=1/2 and S=3/2 chains, we show that the PDW correlation is the dominant bulk superconducting correlation in the spin-gapped regime and that the momentum distribution function n(k) exhibits a reconstructed structure characteristic of interior-gap physics. In particular, while the feature in n(k) for the S=1/2 chain is only humplike, the corresponding structure in the S=3/2 chain develops into a clear dip, strongly supporting the interpretation in terms of an interior-gap-like dip structure. Unlike conventional interior-gap scenarios based on a mismatch between preexisting Fermi surfaces, the present system starts from a single bare conduction-electron Fermi surface, and the additional low-energy single-particle structure emerges dynamically together with the dominant PDW correlation through the Kondo coupling. Finite DMRG data further demonstrate that boundary effects can substantially modify real-space correlations in this gapless one-dimensional system, making a direct thermodynamic-limit calculation essential for identifying the intrinsic bulk momentum structure and the dominant correlation channel.

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