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    Electrically tunable radiative coupling in permittivity-asymmetric quasibound states in the continuum via periodically poled lithium niobate metasurfaces

    Haoyu Wang1, Zhancheng Li1,*, Shiwang Yu1, Yanchun Wang1, Hui Liu1, Wenwei Liu1, Hua Cheng1,†, and Shuqi Chen1,2,3,‡

    • 1The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
    • 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
    • 3The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China

    • *Contact author: zcli@nankai.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: hcheng@nankai.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: schen@nankai.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 235304 – Published 20 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xtq3-qn6c

    Abstract

    Permittivity modulation in nonlocal metasurfaces provides an effective route for unlocking radiative coupling of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs), enabling unprecedented dynamic control over resonant light-matter interactions. Here, we present a periodically poled lithium niobate metasurface platform that leverages spatially antisymmetric electro-optic responses induced by the Pockels effect to achieve continuous control of radiative coupling. Distinctively, the electro-optic asymmetry introduces an independent and continuously tunable perturbation channel, enabling postfabrication control of the radiative coupling. By interfering with the radiation amplitude induced by unintended structural asymmetry, it enables compensation of geometry-induced radiation leakage to a large extent and thereby restores high-Q resonances. Concurrently, the domain-engineered architecture intrinsically embeds nonlinear optical functionality, operating as a tunable χ(2) grating that enables large-angle (71.4∘) second-harmonic generation with electrically controlled emission. We demonstrate high nonlinear switching contrast exceeding 22 dB under moderate electric fields (≤20V/µm), bridging high-Q resonance engineering with nonlinear photonics to provide a unified platform for next-generation on-chip optical switches, dynamic filters, and frequency converters.

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