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Magnetization induced by nonlinear response to temperature gradient in d′, g′, and i′ altermagnets

Motohiko Ezawa

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Phys. Rev. B 114, 175304 – Published 22 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xl2d-88z7

Abstract

It is a highly nontrivial question whether magnetization is induced by a nonlinear response to a temperature gradient in systems where the linear response is forbidden by inversion symmetry. In this work, we address this issue and provide explicit examples demonstrating that such a response can indeed arise. The spin-split electron band structures induced by d-wave, g-wave, and i-wave altermagnets are characterized by kNXsinNXϕ around the band bottom, where NX=2,4, and 6, respectively. In contrast, those of the corresponding d′-wave, g′ -wave, and i′-wave altermagnets are described by kNXcosNXϕ. We show that a finite magnetization is induced in the d′-wave, g′-wave, and i′-wave altermagnets under a second-order nonlinear response to a temperature gradient (∂xT)2 when the temperature gradient is linear and along either the x or y direction, whereas no such response occurs in the d -wave, g-wave, and i-wave altermagnets. We also study the case where the direction of the temperature gradient is arbitrary. In this case, a finite magnetization is induced also in d-wave altermagnets but not in g-wave and i-wave altermagnets. We discuss the difference in physics between the X-wave and X′-wave altermagnets with X=d,g,i based on the tight-binding model. Furthermore, we show the emergence of magnetization as a response when the temperature profile is not linear, ∂x2T≠0.

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Phys. Rev. B 114, 175304– Published 22 September, 2026
  • Received 7 April 2026
  • Revised 27 August 2026
  • Accepted 28 August 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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