The geometry of the Fermi sea hosts a unique form of quantum topology, playing an equally significant role as the geometry of wave function. It governs the conductance quantization of a metal and is characterized by the Euler characteristic ${\chi }_F$, offering a new perspective in the study of topological quantum matter. Here, we reveal a class of fine-grained topology in the Fermi sea, whose characterization goes beyond ${\chi }_F$. Such topological structure in the symmetry-protected Morse-function regime leads to a nontrivial result that two Fermi seas with identical ${\chi }_F$ but different fine-grained topologies cannot be connected without a Lifshitz transition. To encode this structure, we introduce a structural resolution factor, which exactly captures the deeper topological information of the Fermi sea. When further considering the attractive Hubbard interaction of electrons on Fermi surfaces, we demonstrate that the resulting chiral topological superconducting phases can inherit the fine-grained Fermi sea topology of their parent metallic bands, with differences in these fine-grained structures giving rise to anomalous Majorana boundary states at the interface between two metal/superconductor heterojunctions. This work opens an avenue for exploring the topological richness of the Fermi sea.

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• Electronic structure
• Fermi surface
• Geometric & topological phases
• Strong interaction
• Superconductivity
• Topological phases of matter
• Topological superconductors
• s-wave
• Metals
• Superconductors
• Hubbard model
• Mean field theory