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    Long-range model for the electronic pseudospin–nuclear-spin coupling and two-stage ordering in TmVO4

    Sayan Ghosh1, Anirudha Menon2,3, Manoranjan Kumar1,*,†, and Rajiv R. P. Singh2,*,‡

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: manoranjan.kumar@bose.res.in
    • ‡Contact author: rrpsing@ucdavis.edu

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 235126 – Published 26 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tg87-jhdp

    Abstract

    We study an infinite-range coupled electronic-pseudospin and nuclear-spin model for ferroquadrupolar and nuclear-spin ordering in TmVO4 in external magnetic and strain fields. This material is an experimental realization of a transverse-field Ising model, where the Ising degree of freedom is quadrupolar and nonmagnetic, but a transverse component is magnetic and couples both to external magnetic fields and to the nuclear spins via a hyperfine coupling. At zero external magnetic field, the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom undergo well-separated two-stage ordering, accompanied by the release of their respective entropies. A transverse magnetic field polarizes the electronic orbital moments and, via the hyperfine coupling, the nuclear spins. The quadrupolar ordering temperature is gradually reduced to zero. However, the nuclear transition is replaced by a crossover at nonzero magnetic field. Quantum fluctuations are enhanced near the phase transitions and lead to peaks in the magnetic susceptibility. The spectral functions reveal a softening of a low-energy mode near the quantum critical point, consistent with the closing of the excitation gap and its reopening in the disordered phase. These features provide direct dynamical signatures of the field-driven quantum critical phenomena.

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