When two ferromagnetic thin films with different magnetic easy axes are coupled via the exchange interaction, the magnetization process becomes nontrivial. In this paper, we demonstrate that three-dimensional magnetization information in such a bilayer system can be accessed electrically by combining measurements of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and anomalous Nernst effect (ANE). Specifically, we investigate a ${\mathrm{CoFe}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4$(001)/Fe bilayer, where the insulating nature of ${\mathrm{CoFe}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4$ ensures that these transport measurements selectively probe only the conductive Fe layer. By combining the AHE and ANE results and comparing them with a simple micromagnetic simulation, we probe the magnetic configuration of the antiferromagnetically coupled Fe layer and suggest the emergence of a twisted magnetic structure near the interface.

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• Anomalous Hall effect
• Exchange interaction
• Spin texture
• Thermomagnetic effects
• Magnetic multilayers